Tim Dunn

Tim M. Dunn

Credentials

B.S. Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University (1978).¹

Background

Timothy (Tim) Dunn is the CEO of CrownQuest Operating, an “operating entity for oil and gas exploration and production ventures” in Midland, Texas.²

According to Dunn’s biography on his website, after graduating from Texas Tech University in 1978, he “scratched the plan to attend law school and accepted a job with Exxon Production Research Company in Houston.” He worked as an engineer with Exxon Production Research Company from 1978 to 1980.³

He then worked for First City Bancorporation, a Houston-based bank holding company, before joining Parker & Parsley Petroleum in 1987. Dunn co-founded predecessors to CrownQuest in 1996.⁴

ProPublica summarized Tim Dunn and fracking billionaire Faris Wilks‘s political influence:⁵
“Over the past decade, the pair have built the most powerful political machine in Texas — a network of think tanks, media organizations, political action committees and nonprofits that work in lock step [sic] to purge the Legislature of Republicans whose votes they can’t rely on.”

[…]

“Like the Koch brothers, the Mercer family and other conservative billionaires, Dunn and Wilks want to slash regulations and taxes. Their endgame, however, is more radical: not just to limit the government but also to steer it toward Christian rule.”

As of December 2024, Forbes estimates Dunn and his family’s net worth at $2.2 billion. Forbes notes that Dunn’s Crownquest is one of America’s largest privately-owned oil companies and pumps 140,000 barrels daily from fields in the Permian basin in west Texas. CrownRock, which owns Crownquest oil wells, had estimated profits of more than $1.5 billion in 2022.⁶

In 2018, Houston private equity firm Lime Rock Partners bought CrownRock LP, valued at $4.7 billion. “The transaction is a rare example of a private equity firm retaining a promising portfolio company by essentially buying out its own interest through a new fund,” Bloomberg reported.⁷ LittleSis described this relationship as “emblematic of a defining feature of the oil and gas industry: the role of private equity in financing drilling and field operations.”⁸

Dunn has pushed back against the “Christian Nationalist” label, which he described in an opinion column as “a made-up label that conflicts with biblical teaching.”⁹. However, ProPublica reported Dunn has funded the Center for Renewing America.¹⁰ Based on documents they had obtained, Politico reported the Center for Renewing America had listed “Christian Nationalism” among bullet points for top priorities for the Center during a second Trump term.¹¹

Political Spending

Texas Monthly reported that Tim Dunn had become “the largest individual source of campaign money in the state by far,” describing that until recently, his “main tool for exerting influence has been the Defend Texas Liberty PAC, to which he has given at least $9.85 million since the beginning of 2022. This is nearly all the money he contributed to Texas races over that span, and most of it was raised by the committee.”¹²

Dunn is among the top 10 individual donors to the Trump campaign, having contributed $5 million through his fracking company CrownQuest Operating to a Super PAC called Make America Great Again.¹³

In 2024, The Texas Tribune described a new group, Texans United for a Conservative Majority, as a “spinoff” of Defend Texas Liberty and noted that Tim Dunn and Farris Wilks had already contributed $2 million to the new group.¹⁴

ProPublica summarized some of Tim Dunn’s key political spending (emphasis added):¹⁵

“Texas, which has few limits on campaign spending, is home to a formidable army of donors. Lately Dunn has outspent them all. Since 2000, he and his wife have given more than $29 million to candidates and PACs in Texas. [Farris] Wilks and his wife, who have donated to many of the same PACs as Dunn, have given $16 million. Last year, Dunn and his associated entities provided two-thirds of the donations to the state Republican Party.

“The duo’s ambitions extend beyond Texas. They’ve poured millions into ‘dark money’ groups, which do not have to disclose contributors; conservative-media juggernauts (Wilks provided $4.7 million in seed capital to The Daily Wire, which hosts ‘The Ben Shapiro Show’); and federal races. Dunn’s $5 million gift to the Make America Great Again super PAC in December made him one of Donald Trump’s top supporters this election season, and he has quietly begun to invest in efforts to influence a possible second Trump administration, including several linked to Project 2025.”

According to ProPublica, Dunn and Wilks financially supported their preferred Republican candidates ahead of the 2024 Texas primaries. At the same time, organizations linked to the pair funded advertisements criticizing opposing candidates for not being sufficiently right-wing. More than two dozen statehouse candidates who received financial backing secured victories in the March primaries. Glenn Rogers, one of the opposing Republican candidates, told ProPublica: “You can’t be in politics long without being influenced by them in one way or another.”¹⁶

Kel Seliger, a Republican who served in the state Senate until 2023, told Rolling Stone that Dunn and Wilks have been “buying offices in the state Legislature” and installing loyalists who “do exactly what they say,” either because they share Dunn and Wilks’s philosophy or because they’re “scared to death about the Texas Scorecard.”¹⁷

ProPublica describes the Texas Scorecard as a “media arm” of Empower Texans.¹⁸ According to a report by¹⁹ the 501(c)(3) Accountable.US, Texas Scorecard’s website has been run by Empower Texans.

Some additional notes from ProPublica’s research (Emphasis added):²⁰

“Several of the lawmakers they’ve [Wilks and Dunn] funded have introduced bills linked to Project Blitz, a coalition of religious groups, including Barton’s WallBuilders, that drafted model legislation to advance Christianity’s role in civic life.
“He helps fund America First Legal, a conservative law firm headed by the former Trump senior adviser Stephen Miller that represents itself as the MAGA movement’s answer to the ACLU, as well as the Center for Renewing America, a far-right policy group led by the former Trump budget director Russell Vought.”
“In 2007, he started his own PAC, Empower Texans, to fight a tax on oil wells financed through investors. Dunn has donated a majority of its funds, lending it the air of a special interest group of one. Around a decade later, when one of Dunn’s political advisers connected him to Farris Wilks, Empower Texans became an interest group of two.” […] “By 2018, [Wilks had] become the largest donor to Empower Texans, after Dunn.”
“In the 2022 gubernatorial primary, Dunn and Wilks backed Don Huffines, a real estate investor and former state senator who ran to the right of Abbott, through a new PAC they dubbed Defend Texas Liberty.“
ProPublica described Attorney General Paxton as “one of the biggest recipients of Dunn and Wilks largess.”
In June 2023, “Defend Texas Liberty contributed $3 million to Dan Patrick, the lieutenant governor and a former conservative talk show host, shortly before he was set to preside over the impeachment trial in the Senate.”
“The Texas Tribune reported that Stickland met for hours with Nick Fuentes, one of the country’s most prominent white supremacists, at an office park near Fort Worth owned by Wilks Development, the family’s real estate company” … “After the Tribune’s reporting prompted a rare bipartisan outcry, Dunn and Wilks phased out Defend Texas Liberty and poured $6.8 million into a new vehicle, Texans United for a Conservative Majority.”²¹
“The most far-reaching of these efforts to consolidate power may be the Convention of States Project. A highly controversial effort, partly funded by Dunn, it represents one of the best hopes for Christian nationalists, among other interested parties, who want to transform the laws of the land in one fell swoop.”
“Dunn has poured millions into a new effort led by [Brad] Parscale to use AI to target voters.”
“Dunn has said. The tactical brilliance of Empower Texans has been to transform the political climate of Austin into a perpetual primary season. A dark money subsidiary, Texans for Fiscal Responsibility, warns legislators about how upcoming votes will affect their conservative rankings on its index, while a separate media arm, Texas Scorecard, publishes editorials, podcasts and documentaries to hound incumbents it disapproves of out of office.”

Throughout the year preceding the March 2024 Texan primaries, advertisements began to appear in Texas criticizing Republican candidates. According to ProPublica, Texans for Fiscal Responsibility, a PAC linked to Tim Dunn, sponsored some of these advertisements.²²

ProPublica claimed these were part of an effort by Tim Dunn and fellow fossil fuel industry billionaire Farris Wilks to oust Republicans they felt they couldn’t rely on to push their agenda. Brandon Darby, the editor of Breitbart Texas, a right-wing media outlet, is described by ProPublica as “one of several conservatives who has compared Dunn and Wilks to Russian oligarchs.”²³

ProPublica quoted Darby as saying Dunn and Wilks “go into other communities and unseat people unwilling to do their bidding,” and “You kiss the ring or you’re out.”²⁴

Dunn and Wilks opposed the impeachment charges brought against Attorney General Paxton, which claimed that Paxton had abused public trust and committed bribery. Defend Texas Liberty contributed $3 million to Dan Patrick, the lieutenant governor before he was set to preside over the impeachment trial. Paxton was acquitted, and Patrick denied that the donation had influenced his impartiality.²⁵ ²⁶

Dunn also supports the Dunn Foundation, which, E&E News reported, “has a war chest of $100 million that is used in part to fund groups that deny or downplay climate change and its effects. Those include the Heartland Institute, Turning Points USA [sic], the Cato Institute, and the Competitive Enterprise Institute, according to the foundation’s most recent tax filings.”²⁷

Federal Election Commission (FEC) Data

See below for a sample of Tim Dunn and his wife Terri Dunn’s political spending via data directly from the Federal Election Commission (FEC), compiled by DeSmog.²⁸

Note these are limited to individual contributions and do not include the entire web of Dunn’s affiliated PACs, many of which have data at the state level and have not been modified apart from removing false positives. Hence, any errors are present in the original. It also excludes the FEC’s ‘raw data,’ which may have more recent spending.

See the attached spreadsheet for additional information on Tim and Terri Dunn’s political donations via the FEC (.xlsx).

State-Level Contributions

The Texas Ethics Commission also provides campaign finance records on its website, reproduced below for some key groups that have been contributed to by Tim Dunn. This is not an exhaustive list. Note that other donors are also listed. ²⁹

You can also view contributions by the Texans United for a Conservative Majority PAC (FilerID 00088252) as a spreadsheet (.xlsx).

Stance on Climate Change

May 2023

At an America First Policy Institute event, Tim Dunn said:³⁰

“[00:30:34] Let me just interject something there if I can. The, you know, carbon emissions means carbon dioxide. As you mentioned before, carbon dioxide causes the Earth to green. […] It’s actually green. Green gas is carbon dioxide. […] Greenhouses, if you want, if you want your plants to grow twice as fast, you pump CO2 into your greenhouses.”³¹

He later added, responding to a question on the ideal “first-day set of executive orders [EOs] in the energy and environment space” that would “once again put us back on a path to energy independence”:³²

“Well, I hope we have an EO, every EO we can, to curb all this silliness about CO2 emissions. It would be ideal if we could, if we could get rid of this CO2 as a pollutant business.”

Speaking on natural gas, he added:³³

“If we can start exporting to the rest of the world, we can, we can help maybe help Europe keep from melting down.”

2020

According to the episode’s transcript, in his Yellow Balloons podcast, Season 1, Episode 29 “Perfectly Just and Perfectly Merciful,” Dunn said (emphasis in original):³⁴

“Verse 15. And the kings of the Earth, the great men, the rich men, the commanders, the mighty men, every slave and every free man—Who else is there? If you have every slave, every man, every ruler, ever [sic] great man, isn’t that everybody? So everybody universally says this: Obviously when you have this kind of cosmic disturbance, this kind of climate change, we’ve got to finally stop fracking. That’s what they say here. No! They do not say that, thankfully.

“See, this is one of the most encouraging things about all this. You actually have reality happening here. Because they say, Fall on us and hide us from the face of Him who sits on the throne and from the wrath of the Lamb!

“It looks like atheism finally goes on hard times. Nobody is saying here anymore [sic] crazy stuff about why things happen. Everybody gets it. Everybody, from the smallest to the greatest, realizes this is Jesus Christ bringing wrath on the Earth because we rejected him.”

Stance on Government

February 17, 2016

Speaking on a radio talk show, Point of View, whose channel is no longer on YouTube, Dunn spoke of his beliefs about the “biblical approach to government”:³⁵

Kerby Anderson, Host: “Now, some of our listeners might say, well, the only perfect government we’re going to get is when Jesus returns again, and we have the new heaven and the new Earth. But does the Bible maybe at least give us some inferences that make us able to maybe judge government?

“Because right now you have some. Well, Bernie Sanders, he says, you know, the solution is socialism. Everybody’s equal. And then you have Ted Cruz and others that are arguing, well, no, we think a free market makes much more sense and a republic. So how, how do we evaluate that?”

Tim Dunn, Guest: “Well, the real biblical approach to government is that, as you say, the ideal is a … kingdom, with a perfect king. But pending that, the ideal is a self-governing society.”

November 2010

TexasMonthly reported that Dunn, in a breakfast with Texas House of Representatives speaker, Joe Straus, had said only Christians should be in leadership positions.³⁶

Stance on Abortion

According to his website, Tim Dunn for Arizona State Senate:³⁷

“Tim is PRO LIFE and strongly opposes any public funding for abortion. Tim supports education, counseling, and other alternatives to prevent abortions. Tim will always stand up for the most vulnerable in our society, and will continue to fight for the unborn.

Tim will oppose the pro-abortion ballot initiative titled ‘The Abortion Access Act’ on this November’s ballot. #itgoestoofar”

Stance on Religion

December 25, 2022

Dunn spoke at a Convention of States Action Event on “The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative“:³⁸

[00:21:53] “In our Constitution, we the people are the ultimate sovereigns, and if you look at Romans:13, Romans 13-4, it says for he the ruler God appointed because God appoints all authorities, is God’s minister to you for good. Government is good when it does its job. But if you do evil, be afraid. For he does not bear the sword in vain, for he is God’s administer, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. Government’s job is to execute wrath on evil. And when it does, it’s executing something that God appointed it to do. And that’s God’s wrath.”

June 19, 2022

Dunn spoke at an event hosted by Midland Bible Church.³⁹

He said:

[01:02:06] “So how will God silence Satan through us, to whom he has deputized to use the authority he won when he died on the cross in full obedience to his father? What does he ask us to do to silence Satan? Live in dependence. Live in faith.”

October 31, 2021

Dunn spoke at an event hosted by Midland Bible Church where he discussed the rapture:⁴⁰

[00:38:43] “The key thing is, it’s going to happen, and we need to prepare. Okay. So and we need to be ready at all times. But I do want to spend some time proving the rapture is real. So first: the reality is there’s already been a bunch of raptures, and the Bible predicts many more, not just one.”

Dunn went on:

[00:42:02] “Christ’s return to Earth is spoken of in the Old and the New Testament. We see it in Revelation 19-11: ‘Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. And He who sat on him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness, He judges and makes war. His eyes were like a flame of fire, and on His head were many crowns. He had a name written that no one knew except Himself.’–So much for the idea that the God of the Old Testament is different than the God in the New Testament.–’He was clothed with a robe, dipped in blood, and His name is called the Word of God. And the armies in heaven, clothed in fine linen, white and clean, followed Him on white horses. [Revelation 19:11 (NKJV)]’ So here’s an invasion. That’s an invasion of a heavenly army. And Jesus is at the head of the invasion.”

He also discussed end times in his sermon:

[01:13:40] “‘For this they willfully forget: that by the Word of God, the heavens were of old,’–Now we’re now learning in science that everything starts with intelligence. Isn’t that interesting since God spoke the word into existence?–’and the Earth standing out of water and in the water, by which the world that then existed perished, being flooded with water. [II Peter 3:5-3:6 (NKJV)]’

“This has already happened once. Don’t forget that. ‘But the heavens and the earth [sic] which are now preserved by the same word,”–It’s the word of God that’s preserving our Earth. Isn’t that comforting?–’are reserved for fire until the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. [II Peter 3:7 (NKJV)]’ It’s going to happen again. First time with water, this time with fire. So shouldn’t we be ready?”

He added:

[01:15:20] “This is the will of God, our sanctification. ‘..looking for and hastening the coming the day of [the Lord],’–The better we live, the faster it’ll come.–’because of which the heavens will be dissolved, being on fire, and the elements will melt with fervent heat? Nevertheless, we, according to his promise, look for a new heavens and a new Earth in which righteousness dwells. [II Peter 3:12 (NKJV)]’ Won’t that be awesome?”

[…]

[00:55:02] “God is a consuming fire. ‘…taking vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ.’–The word obey means listen to. So we’re talking here about unbelievers.–’These shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his power. [II Thessalonians 1:8 (NKJV)]'”

Key Quotes

April 26, 2024

In an article at Midland Times, Dunn commented on the “Christian Nationalist” label:⁴¹

“A recent disparagement is a claim that I support and am a leader in something called ‘Christian Nationalism,’ a made-up label that conflicts with biblical teaching,” Dunn wrote.

“Our primary identity as believers is as a member in the Body of Christ. This is an expression of plurality, with each person being a unique part of the Body, united by one Head, who is Christ. ‘Christian’ is sufficient, because Christ is the Head and the Center, and believers spiritually unite together in Him.

“Embracing a spiritual identity as a Christian-Something is to make the ‘Something’ preeminent over Christ. That conflicts with the core tenets of Christianity. Embracing a Christian-Something term conflicts with the biblical teaching that Christ is the center and focal point of our Faith.”

2023

E&E News reported Dunn made the following comment at an event hosted by the America First Policy Institute:⁴²

“It would be ideal if we could get rid of this ‘CO2 as a pollutant’ business,” Dunn reportedly said at the event. “I hope we have a E.O. every E.O. we can, to curb all this silliness about CO2 emissions,” he added.

December 2022

Dunn spoke at an event of the Convention of States Action on “The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative.“⁴³

He said during his presentation:

“[P]olitics and religion are inseparable. You can’t have one without the other. The reason why the Marxists did this religion and politics don’t mix is because they have defined religion as all beliefs other than theirs, and their beliefs aren’t even reasonable.”

August 21, 2022

“Only forced impoverishment can deliver us to a 100 per cent [sic] renewable future any time soon. Perhaps we should allow policymakers to first convert to this lifestyle and give us a full report on whether they prefer to continue in it,” Dunn told the Financial Times.⁴⁴

April 18, 2022

In an interview with Forbes, Dunn said, “The extremists want to deindustrialize America” and “want to live in huts around a campfire.”⁴⁵
He also explained his approach to political engagement, stating:

“I view investing in politics as a philanthropic exercise,” and “I pay dues to lobbyists to prevent bad regulation.”

Dunn also criticized the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for beginning the process of adding the dunes sagebrush lizard to the endangered species list, calling it a “scam.”

This listing has faced criticism from the oil and gas industry, which argues it could hinder production efforts.

Forbes reported Dunn would “like to see the Environmental Protection Agency dismantled and its ‘permit by decree’ system, which mandates that a federal bureaucrat must sign off on new projects, scrapped. In its place he would replicate the approach taken by his allies at the Texas Railroad Commission, known as ‘permit by rule’—in which operators get penalized only if they get caught running afoul of regulations.”⁴⁶

February 2022

From Tim Dunn’s Yellow Balloons podcast, Season 9, Episode 12 “Heaven and Earth”:⁴⁷

“What the oil business is today is a reclamation. We’re in the organic recycling business. We’ve got old plants that have already been mashed and cooked by the earth. We’re in the naturally-occurring biofuel business. We save the whales. We did save the whales. Now we’re recycling all that stuff.”

October 21, 2020

Dunn posted the following on Facebook:⁴⁸

The text read as follows:

“The upcoming election should not be treated like a popularity contest between individuals. Each candidate for president operates with a team of hundreds, and the prospect of appointing thousands more.

“This November election offers a choice between a Marxist path pushed by the Democratic Party versus a continuation of the American heritage of self-governance. The Marxist vision is tyranny, with government making our decisions, managing our affairs, and ultimately telling us what we are allowed to believe. Marxism is founded in atheism. It opposes, and will not tolerate the Christian notion of family, with parents raising children in the fear of the Lord. Marxism is responsible for massive death and human misery throughout history. It has always promised utopia, but has only delivered death.

“It is a lie with dire consequences. For now it is a lie that can be chosen. But once chosen will not be easily unwound.

“If you value the human dignity to choose, you must recognize that humans will make some bad choices. Concentrating the power to choose into the hands of a few only guarantees that the consequence of their bad choices will be calamity.

“Donald Trump has endured a barrage of false charges and negative publicity without altering his course of keeping promises about his appointments and his vision. There are no living humans who are perfect. But choosing a Marxist future is a catastrophic decision. Talk to anyone who fled Venezuela or Cuba who endured the consequences of that decision for their countries. If America chooses this vision, to where will we flee?

“The question before us is not ‘Do you approve of Donald Trump’s moral history?’ It is not even ‘which candidate has the most faults?’ The real choice is ‘Do you want a Marxist vision for America that crushes human dignity, or to continue to be a self-governing nation that lifts human dignity?'”

August 19, 2020

Dunn shared a Facebook post claiming, “The annual cost of generating 100% renewable electricity in Texas by 2030 would equal the state’s entire annual budget today.”⁴⁹

The post was accompanied by an image produced by Life:Powered on Facebook. Life:Powered is a Texas Public Policy Foundation project and has published commentary arguing that “there is little to no evidence that there is a need to reduce carbon emissions in this country.”⁵⁰

February 26, 2020

Dunn wrote the following in a Facebook post:⁵¹

The text read as follows:

“With less than a week until the primary, I’m again sharing my recommendations or comments for candidates you’ll see on the Midland County ballot.
President: Donald J. Trump. President Trump has relentlessly kept his campaign promises and supports the energy industry. The Democratic candidates are running a campaign to stop oil and gas drilling in the U.S.
U.S. Senator: John Cornyn. John Cornyn has led the fight to confirm two U.S. Supreme Court nominees.
District 11 U.S. Representative: J. Ross Lacy, Jamie Berryhill, Wesley Virdell, or Brandon Batch.
Railroad Commissioner: Ryan Sitton. Ryan Sitton has done an excellent job as a Commissioner and should be given another term.
Court of Criminal Appeals Judge, Place 3: Gina Parker. Empower Texans has endorsed Gina.
11th Court of Appeals District Justice, Place 2: Bruce Williams
142nd Judicial District Judge: David G. Rogers
142nd Judicial District Attorney: Laura A. Nodolf
County Attorney: Russell Malm
Sheriff: David Criner
County Commissioner, Precinct 1: ? Vote for Scott Ramsey if you want the county to use tax funds for projects like the Horseshoe complex or Leonard Dumire if you prefer the county
to lower taxes.
Vote YES on all 10 non-binding Republican propositions.”

July 25, 2014

Dunn posted the following on Facebook:⁵²

The post reads:

“Pro-freedom means pro-marketplace. Corporate welfare and anti-competitive regulation destroy markets and limit choices; cronyism has no rightful place in a free marketplace.”⁵³

Key Actions

2024

Tim Dunn and Farris Wilks, a fellow Texas fracking billionaire, reportedly put $6.8 million into a new PAC called Texans United for a Conservative Majority, whose logo depicts Austin’s Capitol building with a Christian cross on top.⁵⁴

Texans United for a Conservative Majority has donated hundreds of thousands of dollars to support David Covey, a former oil and gas consultant, in his 2024 primary election race against House Speaker Dade Phelan.⁵⁵

December 2023

Dunn agreed to a deal to sell part of his company, CrownQuest, to Occidental Petroleum.⁵⁶ Bloomberg reported that Dunn would personally collect $2.2 billion from this deal.⁵⁷

Dunn donated $5 million to Donald Trump’s campaign less than a month later.⁵⁸ The Washington Post has reported that Trump suggested to the CEO of Occidental that he would fast-track oil companies’ merger deals.⁵⁹

May 2023

Tim Dunn participated in an AFPI-sponsored panel, “Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On.” During this event, Dunn said that calling carbon dioxide a pollutant is “[00:31:00] totally bogus” and that “[00:30:42] Carbon dioxide causes the plants, the Earth, to green. It’s not a pollutant,” he said. “[00:30:53] If you want your plants to grow twice as fast, you pump CO2 into your greenhouses.”⁶⁰

Later, he said that “[00:02:09] It would be ideal if we could get rid of this ‘CO2 as a pollutant’ business,” adding that he hoped a Trump presidency could use executive orders to reverse the classification of carbon dioxide as an air pollutant: “[01:02:00] I hope we have a E.O., every E.O. we can, to curb all this silliness about CO2 emissions.”⁶¹

Dunn said that Biden-era energy policy is a “[00:11:33] design to cause people to not be able to move, to not be able to make choices on their own and put all the power in the hands of central planners, bring America down and our enemies up,” and later as “[00:28:53] a Marxist plan.”⁶²

During the panel, Dunn criticized Black Rock and ESG investing:

“[00:46:54] …JPMorgan. And we called them. And so we got on with some of their people, and they said, ‘Well, look, here’s the deal.’ Ah, this is probably two years ago, something like that, maybe three, I don’t know. And they said, ‘Well, here’s the deal. We came within this much of losing a shareholder initiative that would have been far worse than this. So basically, our shareholders are demanding that we do this. So we don’t really have any choice.’ Okay.

“Now, where did that come from? It came from BlackRock and these funds, and it’s not their money, but they’re voting on behalf of a bunch of people that they’re going to hurt. They’re being paid to help those people, and they’re hurting those people. That’s just the bottom line. So we’ve got a really broken structural system there where…

“It’s really the same thing as Congress. Congress has given their proxy to a bunch of bureaucrats to make laws, and crimes, by the way, they can make crimes. Can you believe that? We have bureaucrats who can make crimes? I mean, that’s to me, that’s something we got to do, it’s like bureaucrats can’t make crimes, period.”⁶³

Dunn said that if the U.S. increases gas exports, this would “[01:02:28] really help the whole world” and “[01:02:43] Europe keep from melting down,” arguing for approving fossil fuel permits to be sped up and for tax cuts for the fossil fuel industry.⁶⁴

2022

Columbia Journalism Review (CJR) reported on a Tow Center analysis of campaign finance records that found four political action committees and four nonprofit organizations “paid a network of partisan pay-for-play news sites controlled by Metric Media over $14 million in 2021–2022.”⁶⁵

CJR traced $14 million in its study, including $57,075 from the Defend Texas Liberty PAC, a PAC funded mainly by Tim Dunn.⁶⁶

CJR added, “Dunn also holds a managerial role at Pipeline Media, another organization responsible for the network. As first reported by the Tow Center, Dunn assumed this role in 2021 while retaining his position on the boards of numerous conservative groups whose initiatives are often promoted across the network.”⁶⁷

They added, “Not only does the Metric Media/Pipeline Media network provide a news platform for campaigns and advocacy causes, it also provides a slew of services: creating websites, running Facebook ads, filing FOIA requests, and other campaign-related services, including robocalling, text messaging, and publishing and delivering physical newspapers in support of specific issues or candidates.”⁶⁸

2021

Tim Dunn became one of the founding members of the America First Policy Institute, a nonprofit group (501(c)(3) founded to promote Donald Trump‘s ongoing policy agenda, which argues for expanded fossil fuel production.⁶⁹ ⁷⁰ ⁷¹

The concept of the AFPI was initially developed by White House domestic policy adviser Brooke Rollins and National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow.⁷² When Trump lost the election, they continued to work together to develop the AFPI.⁷³

According to the New York Times, they approached Tim Dunn, who Rollins had worked with at the Texas Public Policy Foundation. Dunn, and two other Texas Public Policy Foundation directors, Cody Campbell and Tim Lyles, subsequently registered the AFPI in April 2021.⁷⁴

November 6, 2018

Dunn published an article “Legacy Media Attacks and the Grassroots” in Texas Scorecard,⁷⁵ a nonprofit news outlet where Dunn is a regular author..⁷⁶

In the article, Dunn said, “[a]lthough establishment media influence is dwindling, many media continue to faithfully attack grassroots activists, donors, and elected officials who seek to restore representative government by displacing lobby and establishment interests.”

He also said: “’transparency’ is important in government and other public interests. Meanwhile, private interests should be entitled to privacy.”⁷⁷

2007

Dunn started his own PAC, Empower Texans. ProPublica reported that the purpose of this PAC was “to fight a tax on oil wells financed through investors.”⁷⁸

LittleSis wrote a 2019 report outlining Dunn and Farris Wilks’s funding and influence on Empower Texans. Tim Dunn was listed as the group’s highest donor at the time, with more than $7.6 million in donations since 2008.⁷⁹

LittleSis reported that “Empower Texans is part of a network of far-right groups in Texas that aggressively oppose choice and, according to some reports, set up so-called ‘crisis pregnancy centers’ that appear similar to abortion clinics but ‘use anti-choice propaganda to try to trick people from seeking abortion services,’ according to one journalist. Empower Texans supported an anti-trans ‘bathroom bill’ in 2017, which was ultimately defeated by Texas business interests who feared the bill would spur an economic boycott of the state. Dunn and Empower Texans also oppose same-sex marriage. Dunn personally urged Attorney General Ken Paxton to support its opponents, and the group has contributed to primarying state supreme court judges deemed insufficiently conservative.”⁸⁰

1987–1995

Whilst working at Parker & Parsley Petroleum, Dunn became, in his biography, “an avid supporter of tort reform.”⁸¹

Affiliations

Publications

Yellow Balloons: Finding Power to Live Above Your Circumstances.

Other Resources

Dharna Noor. “Meet Tim Dunn: the ultraconservative billionaire pastor spending millions to protect his oil – and elect Trump,” The Guardian, July 11, 2024.
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump EPA Pick Lee Zeldin Backed by Texas Fracking Billionaire Tim Dunn,” DeSmog, November 13, 2024.
“Tim Dunn (Businessman),” Wikipedia.
“Tim Dunn,” SourceWatch.

Resources

1
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
2
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
3
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
4
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
5
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
6
“Timothy Dunn & family,” Forbes. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5XPv
7
Kiel Porter. “Lime Rock Raises $1.9 Billion Fund to Retain CrownRock Interest,” Bloomberg, June 28, 2018. Archived May 12, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/ho8B6
8
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
9
Tim Dunn. “OPINION: The ‘Christian Nationalist’ Label Will Not Stick,” Midland Times, April 26, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7LZ0R
10
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
11
Alexander Ward and Heidi Przybyla. “Trump allies prepare to infuse ‘Christian nationalism’ in second administration,” Politico, February 20, 2024. Archived January 3, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GVV0h
12
Russell Gold. “The Billionaire Bully Who Wants to Turn Texas Into a Christian Theocracy,” Texas Monthly, March 2024. Archived February 12, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/gb7a1
13
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
14
Patrick Svitek. “After Fuentes scandal, Texas billionaires fund new PAC to support conservative candidates,” The Texas Tribune, January 24, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/nbnoW
15
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
16
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
17
Tim Dickinson. “Meet Trump’s New Christian Kingpin,” Rolling Stone, June 9, 2024. Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/YyeiT
18
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
19
“DonorsTrust 2021 Financials And Grantees Key Findings” (PDF), Accountable.US. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
20
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
21
Robert Downen. “Influential Texas activist Jonathan Stickland hosted white supremacist Nick Fuentes at office near Fort Worth,” The Texas Tribune, October 8, 2023. Archived October 8, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/kGLtn
22
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
23
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
24
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
25
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
26
Patrick Svitek. “Pro-Paxton group gives $3 million to impeachment trial judge Dan Patrick,” The Texas Tribune, July 18, 2023. Archived July 18, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/rUXDF
27
Scott Waldman. “Meet the Texas oilman who wants to gut US climate policy,” E&E News, October 31, 2024. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vIcdG
28
FEC search performed December 2024.
29
Advanced search for filer ID 00088252, Texas Ethics Commission. Search performed December 18, 2024.
30
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
31
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
32
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
33
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
34
“Perfectly Just And Perfectly Merciful ep. 29,” Yellow Balloons, March 16, 2020 (according to website meta properties). Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AK3wA
35
“Wednesday, February 17, 2016,” Point of View. Archived January 6, 2025. Archived .mp3 on file at DeSmog. See timestamp 00:51:04.
36
R.G. Ratcliffe. “The Power Issue: Tim Dunn Is Pushing the Republican Party Into the Arms of God,” TexasMonthly, November 19, 2018. Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/hs6YC
37
“Issues,” Tim Dunn for Arizona State Senate. Archived January 7, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/I8Mq7
38
“Tim Dunn: The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative,” YouTube video uploaded by user “Convention of States Project,” December 25, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
39
“The Ultimate Battle,” Midland Bible Church, June 19, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
40
“Jesus Is Coming,” Midland Bible Church, October 31, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
41
Tim Dunn. “OPINION: The ‘Christian Nationalist’ Label Will Not Stick,” Midland Times, April 26, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7LZ0R
42
Scott Waldman. “Meet the Texas oilman who wants to gut US climate policy,” E&E News. October 31, 2024. Archived March 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vIcdG
43
“Tim Dunn: The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative,” YouTube video uploaded by user “Convention of States Project,” December 25, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
44
Justin Jacobs. “Early investors in Texas oilfields strike lucky,” Financial Times, August 22, 2022. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7HLai
45
Christopher Helman. “Crude Clairvoyant: Texas’ New Bible-Thumping Oil Billionaire,” Forbes, August 18, 2022. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kga5B
46
Christopher Helman. “Crude Clarivoyant: Texas’ New Bible-Thumping Oil Billionaire,” Forbes, October 8, 2022. Archived January 4, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kga5B
47
“Heaven and Earth Ep. 12,” Yellow Balloons, February 7, 2022 (according to metadata). Archived January 6, 2024. Archived .mp3 on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Edbyg
48
“The upcoming election should not be treated like a popularity contest,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, November 21, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
49
“The annual cost of generating 100% renewable electricity in Texas by 2030 would equal the state’s entire annual budget today,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, August 19, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
50
Vance Ginn. “Carbon Tax: A Free Market Solution to Climate Change?” Life:Powered, May 4, 2018.Archived August 22, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.fo/XDg9m
51
“I’m again sharing my recommendations or comments for candidates you’ll see on the Midland County ballot,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, February 26, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
52
“Pro-freedom means pro-marketplace,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, July 25, 2014. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
53
“Pro-freedom means pro-marketplace,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, July 25, 2014. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
54
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
55
John C. Moritz. “How the Texas House speakership is on the line in a GOP primary runoff election Tuesday,” AOL, May 28, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/lm9Ug
56
“Occidental to Acquire CrownRock, Strengthening its U.S. Onshore Portfolio with Premier Permian Basin Assets,” Occidental, December 11, 2023. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/aaZ8Q
57
Tom Maloney. “Texas Conservative, Connecticut Firm Reap Billions on CrownRock Deal,” Bloomberg, December 11, 2023. Archived December 12, 2023. Archived .pdf. Archived URL: http://archive.today/gKBs2
58
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
59
Josh Dawsey and Maxine Joselow. “Trump suggests to oil donors he will fast-track their merger deals,” The Washington Post, May 31, 2024. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/VOV7i
60
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
61
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
62
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
63
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
64
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
65
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
66
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
67
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
68
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
69
“Become Energy Independent to End America’s Reliance on Foreign Sources of Oil and Gas,” AFPI, Accessed December 3, 2024. Archived December 3, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
70
Hailey Fuchs and Meridith McGraw. “Meet the think tank planning a second Trump administration. (It’s not Project 2025.),” Politico, August 29, 2024. Archived August 29, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/x1j4a
71
Ken Bensinger and David A. Fahrenthold. “The Group at the Center of Trump’s Planning for a Second Term Is One You Haven’t Heard of,” The New York Times, October 24, 2024. Archived December 1, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7JLR7
72
Mike Allen. “Scoop: Trump alumni launch largest post-administration group,” AXIOS, November 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
73
Meridith McGraw. “Trump returns to D.C. this week. These former advisors are plotting the comeback,” POLITICO, November 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
74
Ken Bensinger and David A. Fahrenthold. “The Group at the Center of Trump’s Planning for a Second Term Is One You Haven’t Heard of,” The New York Times, October 24, 2024. Archived December 1, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7JLR7
75
“Legacy Media Attacks and the Grassroots,” Texas Scorecard, November 6, 2018. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4R28e
76
“Tim Dunn,” Texas Scorecard, Accessed December 15, 2024. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/fq82N
77
“Legacy Media Attacks and the Grassroots,” Texas Scorecard, November 6, 2018. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4R28e
78
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
79
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
80
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
81
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
82
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
83
“David Dockery and Tim Dunn Named to Board of Trustees,” The King’s College. Archived March 23, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/Y9NNH
84
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
85
“David Dockery and Tim Dunn Named to Board of Trustees,” The King’s College. Archived March 23, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/Y9NNH
86
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
87
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2021,” ProPublica, October 30, 2022. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
88
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2022,” ProPublica, November 14, 2023. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
89
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending June 2023,” ProPublica, February 2, 2024. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
90
“AFW Leadership,” America First Works. Archived December 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9pqWW
91
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
92
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
93
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
94
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
95
“About,” Empower Texans. Archived May 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ATUBT
96
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
97
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
98
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
99
Tim Dickinson. “Meet Trump’s New Christian Kingpin,” Rolling Stone, June 9, 2024. Archived June 9, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/YyeiT
100
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
101
“Convention Of States Action Form 990 2022,” Politico. Archived February 26, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/gbqTT
102
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
103
“Hexagon Foundation,” Propublica. Archived January 8, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7I4VX
104
“Trump’s Digital Guru Is Back, This Time With a Powerful New Texas Ally,” TexasMonthly, September 1, 2023. Archived September 2, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/N2z8V
105
(Press Release). “AiAdvertising Announces Second Equity Investment Tranche of $2.5 Million from Hexagon Partners,” AIAdvertising, January 31, 2024. Archived January 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9yV6W
106
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
107
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
108
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived December 20, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
109
“BOARD OF TRUSTEES,” Grace School of Theology. Archived September 24, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/zxMfi
110
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending June 2023,” ProPublica. Archived September 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
111
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
112
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
113
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
114
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Citizens News Guild Inc.” Propublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/JQm9N
115
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
116
“DonorsTrust 2021 Financials And Grantees Key Findings” (PDF), Accountable.US. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. reported by the 501(c)(3) Accountable.US
117
Form 990 for period ending December 2010: Citizens For Self Governance,” ProPublica. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
118
“Form 990 for period ending December 2023: Citizens For Self Governance,” ProPublica. Archived November 11, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
119
“Form 990-O for period ending December 2011: Csg Action,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
120
“Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Csg Action,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
121
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Transparency Texas,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
122
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: 1789 Alliance,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
123
“Our mission is to educate and empower pro-Israel legislators,” Israel Allies Foundation. Archived January 7, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/WWWZY
124
“Board of Trustees,” Grace School of Theology, Accessed January 6, 2024. Archived January 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/clF2d
125
“Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2015: Health Care Compact Inc,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

1
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
2
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
3
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
4
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
5
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
6
“Timothy Dunn & family,” Forbes. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5XPv
7
Kiel Porter. “Lime Rock Raises $1.9 Billion Fund to Retain CrownRock Interest,” Bloomberg, June 28, 2018. Archived May 12, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/ho8B6
8
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
9
Tim Dunn. “OPINION: The ‘Christian Nationalist’ Label Will Not Stick,” Midland Times, April 26, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7LZ0R
10
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
11
Alexander Ward and Heidi Przybyla. “Trump allies prepare to infuse ‘Christian nationalism’ in second administration,” Politico, February 20, 2024. Archived January 3, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GVV0h
12
Russell Gold. “The Billionaire Bully Who Wants to Turn Texas Into a Christian Theocracy,” Texas Monthly, March 2024. Archived February 12, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/gb7a1
13
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
14
Patrick Svitek. “After Fuentes scandal, Texas billionaires fund new PAC to support conservative candidates,” The Texas Tribune, January 24, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/nbnoW
15
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
16
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
17
Tim Dickinson. “Meet Trump’s New Christian Kingpin,” Rolling Stone, June 9, 2024. Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/YyeiT
18
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
19
“DonorsTrust 2021 Financials And Grantees Key Findings” (PDF), Accountable.US. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
20
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
21
Robert Downen. “Influential Texas activist Jonathan Stickland hosted white supremacist Nick Fuentes at office near Fort Worth,” The Texas Tribune, October 8, 2023. Archived October 8, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/kGLtn
22
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
23
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
24
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
25
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
26
Patrick Svitek. “Pro-Paxton group gives $3 million to impeachment trial judge Dan Patrick,” The Texas Tribune, July 18, 2023. Archived July 18, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/rUXDF
27
Scott Waldman. “Meet the Texas oilman who wants to gut US climate policy,” E&E News, October 31, 2024. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vIcdG
28
FEC search performed December 2024.
29
Advanced search for filer ID 00088252, Texas Ethics Commission. Search performed December 18, 2024.
30
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
31
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
32
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
33
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
34
“Perfectly Just And Perfectly Merciful ep. 29,” Yellow Balloons, March 16, 2020 (according to website meta properties). Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AK3wA
35
“Wednesday, February 17, 2016,” Point of View. Archived January 6, 2025. Archived .mp3 on file at DeSmog. See timestamp 00:51:04.
36
R.G. Ratcliffe. “The Power Issue: Tim Dunn Is Pushing the Republican Party Into the Arms of God,” TexasMonthly, November 19, 2018. Archived January 6, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/hs6YC
37
“Issues,” Tim Dunn for Arizona State Senate. Archived January 7, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/I8Mq7
38
“Tim Dunn: The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative,” YouTube video uploaded by user “Convention of States Project,” December 25, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
39
“The Ultimate Battle,” Midland Bible Church, June 19, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
40
“Jesus Is Coming,” Midland Bible Church, October 31, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
41
Tim Dunn. “OPINION: The ‘Christian Nationalist’ Label Will Not Stick,” Midland Times, April 26, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7LZ0R
42
Scott Waldman. “Meet the Texas oilman who wants to gut US climate policy,” E&E News. October 31, 2024. Archived March 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vIcdG
43
“Tim Dunn: The Political Mission of the Biblical Narrative,” YouTube video uploaded by user “Convention of States Project,” December 25, 2022. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
44
Justin Jacobs. “Early investors in Texas oilfields strike lucky,” Financial Times, August 22, 2022. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7HLai
45
Christopher Helman. “Crude Clairvoyant: Texas’ New Bible-Thumping Oil Billionaire,” Forbes, August 18, 2022. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kga5B
46
Christopher Helman. “Crude Clarivoyant: Texas’ New Bible-Thumping Oil Billionaire,” Forbes, October 8, 2022. Archived January 4, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kga5B
47
“Heaven and Earth Ep. 12,” Yellow Balloons, February 7, 2022 (according to metadata). Archived January 6, 2024. Archived .mp3 on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Edbyg
48
“The upcoming election should not be treated like a popularity contest,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, November 21, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
49
“The annual cost of generating 100% renewable electricity in Texas by 2030 would equal the state’s entire annual budget today,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, August 19, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
50
Vance Ginn. “Carbon Tax: A Free Market Solution to Climate Change?” Life:Powered, May 4, 2018.Archived August 22, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.fo/XDg9m
51
“I’m again sharing my recommendations or comments for candidates you’ll see on the Midland County ballot,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, February 26, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
52
“Pro-freedom means pro-marketplace,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, July 25, 2014. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
53
“Pro-freedom means pro-marketplace,” Facebook post from Tim Dunn, July 25, 2014. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
54
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
55
John C. Moritz. “How the Texas House speakership is on the line in a GOP primary runoff election Tuesday,” AOL, May 28, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/lm9Ug
56
“Occidental to Acquire CrownRock, Strengthening its U.S. Onshore Portfolio with Premier Permian Basin Assets,” Occidental, December 11, 2023. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/aaZ8Q
57
Tom Maloney. “Texas Conservative, Connecticut Firm Reap Billions on CrownRock Deal,” Bloomberg, December 11, 2023. Archived December 12, 2023. Archived .pdf. Archived URL: http://archive.today/gKBs2
58
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
59
Josh Dawsey and Maxine Joselow. “Trump suggests to oil donors he will fast-track their merger deals,” The Washington Post, May 31, 2024. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/VOV7i
60
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
61
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
62
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
63
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
64
“Fighting Climate Extremism & Keeping the Lights On,” YouTube video uploaded by user Carla Sands on May 30, 2023. Archived December 9, 2024. Archived .mp4 available at DeSmog.
65
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived December 18, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
66
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
67
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
68
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived August 8, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
69
“Become Energy Independent to End America’s Reliance on Foreign Sources of Oil and Gas,” AFPI, Accessed December 3, 2024. Archived December 3, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
70
Hailey Fuchs and Meridith McGraw. “Meet the think tank planning a second Trump administration. (It’s not Project 2025.),” Politico, August 29, 2024. Archived August 29, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/x1j4a
71
Ken Bensinger and David A. Fahrenthold. “The Group at the Center of Trump’s Planning for a Second Term Is One You Haven’t Heard of,” The New York Times, October 24, 2024. Archived December 1, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7JLR7
72
Mike Allen. “Scoop: Trump alumni launch largest post-administration group,” AXIOS, November 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
73
Meridith McGraw. “Trump returns to D.C. this week. These former advisors are plotting the comeback,” POLITICO, November 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
74
Ken Bensinger and David A. Fahrenthold. “The Group at the Center of Trump’s Planning for a Second Term Is One You Haven’t Heard of,” The New York Times, October 24, 2024. Archived December 1, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7JLR7
75
“Legacy Media Attacks and the Grassroots,” Texas Scorecard, November 6, 2018. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4R28e
76
“Tim Dunn,” Texas Scorecard, Accessed December 15, 2024. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/fq82N
77
“Legacy Media Attacks and the Grassroots,” Texas Scorecard, November 6, 2018. Archived December 15, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4R28e
78
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
79
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
80
“The Money Behind Empower Texans,” LittleSis, September 25, 2019. Archived December 19, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vLaQ0
81
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
82
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
83
“David Dockery and Tim Dunn Named to Board of Trustees,” The King’s College. Archived March 23, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/Y9NNH
84
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
85
“David Dockery and Tim Dunn Named to Board of Trustees,” The King’s College. Archived March 23, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/Y9NNH
86
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
87
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2021,” ProPublica, October 30, 2022. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
88
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2022,” ProPublica, November 14, 2023. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
89
“America First Works Inc: Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending June 2023,” ProPublica, February 2, 2024. Archived December 6, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
90
“AFW Leadership,” America First Works. Archived December 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9pqWW
91
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
92
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
93
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
94
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
95
“About,” Empower Texans. Archived May 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ATUBT
96
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
97
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
98
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
99
Tim Dickinson. “Meet Trump’s New Christian Kingpin,” Rolling Stone, June 9, 2024. Archived June 9, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/YyeiT
100
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
101
“Convention Of States Action Form 990 2022,” Politico. Archived February 26, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/gbqTT
102
Geoff Dembicki. “Trump Megadonor Tim Dunn Has a Plan More Extreme Than Project 2025,” DeSmog, October 23, 2024.
103
“Hexagon Foundation,” Propublica. Archived January 8, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7I4VX
104
“Trump’s Digital Guru Is Back, This Time With a Powerful New Texas Ally,” TexasMonthly, September 1, 2023. Archived September 2, 2023. Archive URL: http://archive.today/N2z8V
105
(Press Release). “AiAdvertising Announces Second Equity Investment Tranche of $2.5 Million from Hexagon Partners,” AIAdvertising, January 31, 2024. Archived January 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9yV6W
106
“About Me,” Tim Dunn, Accessed December 12, 2024. Archived September 11, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R5plb
107
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
108
Priyanjana Bengani. “The nonprofits and PACs that spent $14 million on the Metric Media network in 2021–22,” Columbia Journalism Review, August 8, 2024. Archived December 20, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/4lNJF
109
“BOARD OF TRUSTEES,” Grace School of Theology. Archived September 24, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/zxMfi
110
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending June 2023,” ProPublica. Archived September 22, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
111
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
112
“Tim Dunn,” Empower Texans. Archived January 14, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MSXT5
113
“Tim Dunn,” LinkedIn. Accessed December 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
114
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Citizens News Guild Inc.” Propublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/JQm9N
115
Ava Kofman. “A Pair of Billionaire Preachers Built the Most Powerful Political Machine in Texas. That’s Just the Start.,” ProPublica, October 2, 2024. Archived December 13, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/PPxDR
116
“DonorsTrust 2021 Financials And Grantees Key Findings” (PDF), Accountable.US. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. reported by the 501(c)(3) Accountable.US
117
Form 990 for period ending December 2010: Citizens For Self Governance,” ProPublica. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
118
“Form 990 for period ending December 2023: Citizens For Self Governance,” ProPublica. Archived November 11, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
119
“Form 990-O for period ending December 2011: Csg Action,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
120
“Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Csg Action,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
121
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: Transparency Texas,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
122
“Full text of ‘Full Filing’ for fiscal year ending Dec. 2023: 1789 Alliance,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
123
“Our mission is to educate and empower pro-Israel legislators,” Israel Allies Foundation. Archived January 7, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/WWWZY
124
“Board of Trustees,” Grace School of Theology, Accessed January 6, 2024. Archived January 6, 2024. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/clF2d
125
“Full text of “Full Filing” for fiscal year ending Dec. 2015: Health Care Compact Inc,” ProPublica. Archived January 9, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

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Tim Dunn

Tim M. Dunn

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