In the world of biochar business, it’s been mostly โtalkโ and little โwalk.โ Few biochar businesses have scaledย up their operations in a serious way, despite big claims โ with little scientific proof to back them up โ about the substance’s climate change mitigationย potential.
Cool Planet Energy Systemย is seemingly the exception to the rule, with a December 2013ย Forbes article hailingย the company as one apparently โtoo good to be true.โย The heaviest hitter making a bet on biochar, Cool Planetย called its marketing strategy โthe ultimate contrarian solutionโ at the 2013 North American Biochar Symposiumย attended by DeSmog in Amherst,ย Massachusetts.
โCool Planet is addressing global accumulation of carbon dioxide emissions by transforming the fuel production process. Our carbon negative fuel cycle permanently removes CO2 from the atmosphere by sequestering biochar,โย Cool Planet formerly boasted on its website. โThis comprehensive process results in up to a 150% carbon footprintย reduction.โ
Theย video belowย details the company’s biochar approach and Cool Planet explains itsย โcarbon negative fuel cycleโย in anotherย video.
โ[I]nstead of just leavingโฆagricultural waste to just rot on the ground, what we do is collect the leftover biomass and run it through the biomass fractionator which extracts useful hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline and residual carbon called biochar,โ Cool Planet details. โBiochar is highly porous and has beneficial water- and nutrient-maintainingย capabilities.โ
Straightforward enough. The claims, thereafter though, get steeper and some have taken them to task for making grandiose claims without backing them up with verifiable, peer-reviewedย science.ย
โWe take the biochar and process it to become a soil enhancer, which we place back in the ground,โ Cool Planet continues (emphases mine). โThis sequesters the carbon in the ground for hundreds of years, which makes the associated fuel carbon negative while building soil for growing more crops. The result is a new fuel production process called the carbon negative fuel cycle that permanently removes atmospheric CO2 while growing more crops and food and producing a clean, affordable and carbon negativeย fuel.โ
Breakingย Ground
In February 2014, Cool Planet broke ground on its first commercial facility in Alexandria, Louisiana, biblically dubbingย it โProject Genesis.โ Joining Cool Planet for the ground-breaking: then-Louisiana Republican Governor Bobbyย Jindal.
โCool Planetโs bio-refineries will provide tomorrowโs technology today to harness our renewable energy resources and supply advanced fuels to meet our nationโs growing energy demands,โ Jindal stated in a press release.
With anย investor list including the likes ofย General Electric, BP, ConocoPhillips, Exelon, and Google Ventures, one thing’s for certain: there’s big money โ $100 million, to be precise โ riding on Cool Planet’s success goingย forward.
โThey are working on global problems, such as producing renewable fuels and removing of carbon dioxide from our atmosphere,โ Bill Maris, a Google Ventures managing partner told The Verge of the deal.ย โIt’s the kind of investment that we love at Google Ventures, because the vision is soย big.โ
However, major questionsย remain.
Where is the scientific grounding forย the grand claims made by the company’s principals? And is โsuccessโ measured in terms of Cool Planet’s quarterly profits or in terms of the company’s ability to use its product to mitigate climateย change?
Despite the fact that, business-wise,ย the company is proceeding with haste, its scienceย lags far behind, according to a 2014ย investigative article published by The Verge.
โCoolย Terraโ
At the 2013 North American Biochar Symposium, Cool Planet announced the launch of its biochar soil amendment product โCool Terra,โ a wordplay on the ancient Amazonian โterra preta,โย a fertileย soilย enriched with aย charcoal-like substanceย and produced byย indigenous peoples of the Amazon more than 800 yearsย ago.
Then, in December 2013, Cool Planet became the first everย biochar manufacturer certified by the International Biochar Initiativeย (IBI).ย
โEvery trial we’ve done, we’ve seen 60-percent yield improvement,โย Rick Wilson, Cool Planet’s then-vice president of strategic relationshipsย and former long-time employee of BP, said during his presentation at theย Symposium.
Wilson’s not the only one at the company making grandioseย claims.
In aย February 2012ย Solve For X presentation,ย Mike Cheiky, Cool Planet’sย founder and chief technology officer who has since left the company, said that if given threeย percent of the world’s landmass to produce its product and bring it to market, Cool Planet could reduce carbon emissions by 100 parts per million in the next 40ย years.
Photo Credit:ย YouTubeย Screenshot
The โCarbon Negative Planโ is realized, according to Cool Planet, from its โCarbon Negative Fuel Cycle.โ
Cool Planet’s โCarbon Negative Fuel Cycle.โ Image Credit: U.S. Patent and Trademarkย Office
Cool Planet has received 13 different patents from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, with two pertaining to the company’s production of โnegative carbon fuelโ and another three centering around the production of renewable fuels using itsย technology.
โShoddyย Scienceโ
For all the apparent promise of Cool Planet’s โCool Terra,โ there’s also an elephant in the room: the company’s scientific claims have never been peer-reviewed or even shown to the public, for thatย matter.
Asked for those results by DeSmog,ย Michael Rocke, Cool Planet’s then-vice president of business development, said they are a trade secret and can’t be shared. He did not respond to repeated requests for comment sent by DeSmog about the biochar offsets protocol submitted by International Biochar Initiative (IBI)ย shot down by the American Carbon Registryย inย 2015.
The 2014ย investigative article covering Cool Planet’s rise to prominence by The Verge โ which included interviews with over a dozen company insiders who spoke confidentially โ concluded that the company, led by Mike Cheiky, uses โshoddy scienceโย and shady business practices to lure in investmentย capital.ย
The piece also reveals Cheiky has a history of attracting initial investment money from venture capitalists and then after a few years, moving on to his nextย project.
โI’m the lab guy, I’m on to the next thing,โ he told The Verge. โI’ve made lots of money, couple of yachts, lots of houses, and high-performance sports cars, but I really love working in the laboratory. That’s my mission. To be the first person to doย something.โ
Indeed,ย Cheiky has moved โon to the next thingโ and now co-runs a start-up company called V-Grid Energy Systems alongside Rocke. V-Grid makesย grandiose claims about its products in the same way Cool Planet describesย its โcarbon negativeโย potential.ย
Cool Planet’s โHeavyย Hittersโ
Cool Planet has also signed on some โheavy hittersโ to join its upper-level management team, which, in addition to the investment capital it’s received from big corporations, gives the company a veneer of legitimacy to the public and toย investors.
Case in point: Archie W. Dunham, former president, CEO, and chairman of the board of directors of ConocoPhillips, sits on the board. Dunham sits on the board for Chesapeake Energy, one of the top producers of gas obtained via hydraulic fracturing (โfrackingโ) in the U.S.
Archie W. Dunham, Photo Courtesy ofย Wikimediaย Commons
Bill Halter,ย former Lt. Governor of Arkansas and Democratic Party primary candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010,ย is also a member of Cool Planet’s board of directors.
โDon’t Forget Yourย Engineeringโ
Big investors and big names are one thing. But the jury’s still out on the veracity of Cool Planet’s scientificย claims.
One professor interviewed by The Verge (whom I also met with),ย William Banholzer โ a senior advisor at theย Wisconsin Energy Instituteย and research professor of chemical and biological engineering at University of Wisconsin-Madison โ actually uses Cool Planet in presentations he gives as a case study of using scientifically โoutrageous claims that defy common senseโ while marketing itsย product.
โ[People] see GE and these other big people put their money in,โย Banholzer told The Verge. โBecause these companies put their money in, [people] immediately jump to the idea, โOh well they must know what theyโre doing, it means there is something pretty good there.โ So I use Cool Planet as an example of ‘Donโt forget yourย engineering.’โ
In the case of the companies giving Cool Planet start-up capital, Banholzer suspects it’s non-scientists who’ve eaten Cool Planet’s sales pitch forย lunch.
โThey have a lot of investment guys, who are like bankers, and they donโt use their engineering talent to do dueย diligence.โ
Regardless of the state of its science,ย Cool Planet receivedย U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)ย BioPreferred certification for its Cool Terra soil amendment productย in Februaryย 2016.