AnimalhealthEurope

Background

AnimalhealthEurope (AHE) is a trade association representing companies that manufacture animal medicines, vaccines and other animal health products in Europe.

Its membership covers 90 percent of the European market for animal health products – including animal antibiotics – and includes major animal health companies like Elanco, Zoetis, Virbac and MSD Animal Health.¹ ²

The Secretary General of AnimalhealthEurope is Roxane Feller, who has previously held roles at farming union Copa-Cogeca and trade association for the food and drink industry FoodDrinkEurope.³

According to AnimalhealthEurope’s most recent declaration on the EU Transparency Register, it spent between €50,000 – 99,999 lobbying the EU in 2021.⁴

The organisation has lobbied against the EU’s flagship Farm to Fork green farming reforms, which included a target to reduce the use of antibiotics for livestock by 50 percent by 2050. The group has signed multiple statements with other agribusiness lobby groups like pesticide trade association CropLife Europe, fertilizer trade association Fertilizers Europe, and farm union Copa-Cogeca, warning the reforms could damage EU agriculture.⁵

Stance on Climate Change

The AnimalhealthEurope website states that the organisation supports “Europe’s ambitions in the EU Green Deal to move towards a fair, healthy and environmentally friendly food system”. The group also states: “A just transition must also support a robust, resilient and financially viable food system that continues to function in all circumstances.”⁶

The Green Deal is the EU’s flagship plan to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, and includes major green farming reforms. The package includes a target to reduce overall EU sales of antimicrobials for farmed animals and in aquaculture by 50 percent by 2030.⁷

AnimalhealthEurope has published an infographic which claims that “animal health contributes to all three pillars of sustainability”. The infographic claimed that animal health “reduced [the] environmental impact” of animal products because it ensured:

“Less feed, water, energy needed to produce meat, fish, milk and eggs
“Reduced output of manure
“Up to 30% decrease in emissions”

It did not provide sources for the figures.⁸

The group also claimed: “Better animal health management means farmers can produce enough food on existing farmland, while preserving surrounding lands and biodiversity. With animal health covered extra attention will be given to environmental stewardship.”⁹

Experts contest claims that animal health reduces emissions overall. While animals that are healthy are more productive, antibiotics and other animal health products have been central to the boom in intensive animal farming over recent decades – which increased by 45 percent between 2000 and 2020.¹⁰

Animal health products allow intensive farms to rear large numbers of animals indoors, while preventing and treating disease outbreaks that occur in crowded conditions. As a result of the boom in meat and dairy production, livestock accounts for at least 14.5 percent of total global emissions, according to the United Nations.¹¹ ¹²

Writing about livestock farming’s contribution to climate change, AnimalhealthEurope has claimed:¹³

“Our global population is also expected to grow to 8.5 billion by 2030. This increases the demand for a secure and sustainable food supply. It is clear that simply increasing current livestock production to meet future needs would require unsustainable increases in natural resources and land use. We must instead look to where we can improve animal health and welfare, protect against emerging diseases and increase production efficiencies while drastically cutting food waste from farm to fork.”

However, experts are clear that we need to reduce overall meat consumption due to the sector’s climate and environmental impact, particularly in high income countries with meat-heavy diets like Europe.¹⁴ ¹⁵

In March 2023, a peer-reviewed study published in Naturefound that without concerted action, emissions from food production alone would push the climate beyond 1.5 degrees of warming – driven by meat, dairy and rice production.¹⁶

Stance on Antibiotic Use

Overuse of antibiotics in human medicine and livestock farming is driving a rise in antibiotic resistant bacteria.

35,000 people die from antimicrobial resistance every year in the EU, according to the European Centre for Disease Control.¹⁷ By 2050, the number is expected to grow to 10 million worldwide – more than currently die from cancer.¹⁸ According to the United Nations, 70 percent of all antibiotics are used for animals, the majority in farming.¹⁹

The AnimalhealthEurope website states, “Bacterial diseases in animals have to be treated effectively and efficiently, to prevent further spread. Vets need to be able to prescribe the most appropriate licensed antibiotic available, and this should not be unnecessarily restricted.”²⁰

In 2022, the group stated that antibiotic treatments on farms in Europe may have reached a level of “optimal use” at which “prevention is optimised” and that “antibiotics remain necessary for treatment of bacterial disease that has evaded a farm’s defences.”²¹

On an April 2021 Euractiv panel, AHE secretary general Roxanne Feller stated, “no antibiotic is ever approved without the approval and prescription of a vet. So it’s not a random use.”²²

Europe has the strictest laws on farm antibiotic use worldwide. However, data suggests that antibiotics are still overused in Europe. According to a 2022 report published by the civil society organisation European Public Health Alliance, group treatments accounted for around 87 percent of veterinary antibiotic sales in Europe in 2020. The report pointed out that countries with the highest percentage of antibiotics given as group treatments tended to be those that were high farm antibiotic users overall. “A possible explanation for this is that these high users are relying on antibiotics as a routine preventative treatment and using these particularly important medicines as management tools, rather than as treatments that should be kept in reserve for when they are really needed,” the report said.²³

During the April 2021 Euractiv panel, Feller also stated, “we [AnimalhealthEurope] have absolutely no preconception of what type of farming system is the one that is best [for keeping animals healthy]. There is some good in all types of farming methods and for us, all animals are equal and deserve being treated.”²⁴

However, scientists have recognised that the crowded conditions associated with intensive animal farming increase antibiotic use because they increase the risk of disease.²⁵Specific practices associated with intensive farming have also been found to increase preventative antibiotic use. For example, antibiotics are often given preventatively to piglets who are weaned from their mothers early, which can cause diarrhoea and other sickness.²⁶

During the Euractiv panel, Feller also claimed that “Not so many animals are resistant to antibiotics, it’s usually the humans.”²⁷

On its website, the organisation also emphasises the role of human antibiotic use in the increase of antimicrobial resistance over farm use. For example, AHE cited the UK government’s five-year antimicrobial strategy, which stated: “Increasing scientific evidence suggests that the clinical issues with antimicrobial resistance that we face in human medicine are primarily the result of antibiotic use in people, rather than the use of antibiotics in animals.”²⁸

Experts told DeSmog that while the over- and misuse of antibiotics in human medical settings is indeed the biggest factor driving antimicrobial resistance, reducing the overuse of antibiotics in livestock farming also has a role to play in curbing the threat.

Thomas Van Boeckel, a spatial epidemiologist at Swiss university ETH Zürich, likened the constant use of antibiotics in livestock production to “playing the lottery.”

“You play the lottery three times more in animals than you do in humans, because they use three times more antibiotics. Now, that doesn’t mean that every nasty resistant gene that emerges in animals makes its way to [becoming] a human adapted pathogen,” he said. “But it can be seen as a very unnecessary risk, given how precious antibiotics are for humans.”

Roxane Feller, the AnimalhealthEurope secretary-general, told DeSmog in a statement that the animal health sector supports antibiotic stewardship and “responsible use of all medicines.” Feller emphasised that the industry has reduced antibiotic use by prioritising “preventative practices” including vaccination and nutrition, adding: “We are actively working with partners across the livestock value chain to reduce the need for antibiotic use for animal health purposes.”

“The animal health industry in Europe acknowledges its responsibility and remains firmly committed to playing an active role in addressing this One Health challenge of antibiotic resistance,” she said.

Lobbying on Antibiotic Regulations

Governments and intergovernmental organisations have taken steps to curb antibiotic use on farms in recent years.

In 2022, the EU introduced new laws banning the routine use of antibiotics on animal farms and treatments of whole herds or groups, as well as the use of certain antibiotics that are critical for human medicine to treat animals.²⁹

AnimalhealthEurope has lobbied on specific measures to curb antibiotic use on farms.

In November 2017, the World Health Organization published guidelines on the use of antibiotics on farms, which recommended that “farmers and the food industry stop using antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals.”³⁰

AnimalhealthEurope published a response to the guidelines from Secretary General Roxanne Feller, which argued that the WHO’s recommendation “largely ignores the needs of animals in terms of health and welfare, and the wider impact of healthy animals in terms of food safety, disease transmission, and sustainable farming.”³¹

In 2020, the EU introduced its Farm to Fork strategy for green farming reforms in Europe. The package included a target to reduce antibiotic use in livestock farming by 50 percent by 2030.

In March 2020, two months before the publication of Farm to Fork, AnimalhealthEurope published a paper on the topic, which stated: “we strongly oppose the imposition of absolute reduction targets which would place at risk animals in need of antibiotic treatment”, stating that antibiotic use was already decreasing in the bloc. “Particular care should be taken even with the setting of aspirational goals for reducing sales of antibiotics as bacterial diseases must be treated efficiently in order to ensure good health and welfare,” it said.³²

In September 2020, AnimalhealthEurope organised an event in collaboration with The Parliament Magazine titled, “Smaller, greener… healthier?”. The event “focused on the EU Farm to Fork strategy and how the European livestock sector can deliver on sustainability demands”. 450 people registered according to AnimalhealthEurope.³³

The event included a recorded message from Stella Kyriakides, the European Commission’s lead on the Farm to Fork Strategy and the Health and Food Safety Commissioner. Other speakers included: Chair of the European Parliament’s Agriculture Committee, MEP Norbert Lins; Jude Capper, Livestock Sustainability Consultant and member of industry group the National Beef Board; and Julie Vermooten, head of the European Public Policy Department for animal pharmaceutical company MSD Europe.

A brochure for the event laid out the positions of each speaker. Norbert Lins stated that the Farm to Fork targets were “very challenging tasks for the livestock sector”, adding: “From a Parliament’s point of view, we have to make sure that these tasks are formulated in a realistic way and supported by all actors in the ‘Farm to Fork’.”³⁴

In October 2020, Roxane Feller, Secretary General of AnimalhealthEurope, stated in a press release for the group: “Targets should be coherent and consistent across the European Green Deal initiatives, but also realistic and achievable. Targets should be based on the latest advancements, and tried and tested existing success stories, and should take both regional and species differences into account.”³⁵

She also stated:

“For targets, such as the 50% reduction for sales of antimicrobials to be met without any detriment to both the health and welfare of animals and the viability of farming in Europe’s varied agricultural systems, it is important that the European Commission conduct comprehensive impact assessments of the various targets for EU agriculture set out in the Farm to Fork and the Biodiversity Strategies before further political or regulatory decisions are taken, including on how starting points and progress on these targets will be set and measured.”

Multiple agribusiness lobby groups have called for impacts assessments of Farm to Fork. According to Corporate Europe Observatory, such impact assessments “tend to favour economic factors over social and environmental ones,” adding that these reports are “only delaying progress towards tackling the climate emergency.”³⁶

In November 2020, AnimalhealthEurope published ten recommendations for “ways the EU can support the transition proposed in the Farm to Fork Strategy.” It called for the EU to “support all farming practices in support measures, from agroecology to sustainable intensification”; “support European food security […] with impact assessments on measures or targets to be implemented”; and “promote new agricultural techniques,” such as precision livestock farming.³⁷

In April 2021, Roxane Feller spoke at a Euractiv panel event sponsored by Avec, the trade association for Europe’s poultry industry. She said “we’re questioning […] the 50 percent reduction target [for animal antibiotics]. Where does it come from?” She also repeated calls for an impact assessment of both Green Deal and Farm to Fork targets, “to see if one doesn’t contradict the other.”³⁸

In May 2021, the organisation published a joint statement with multiple other agribusiness industry lobby groups, such as the European Dairy Association and the European Livestock and Meat Trades Union, on the one year anniversary of Farm or Fork. The group repeated calls for a cumulative impact assessment and outlined “common sense principles”, such as “to have a policy based on concrete data and scientific evidence that is in line with the better regulation principles, not on ideology and political stances.”³⁹

In October 2021, AnimalhealthEurope signed an open letter with multiple other industry lobby groups, including the pesticide trade association CropLife Europe, the fertilizer trade association Fertilizers Europe and the farm union Copa-Cogeca titled, “Farm to Fork – It’s time to listen to what the data says”. The joint statement criticized the Farm to Fork Strategy, stating, “the current targets, if implemented as proposed, will come at a significant cost for EU farmers and the viability of the entire European agribusiness culture.” The statement called these policy goals “non-data based political targets,” and argued that “we must build solution-oriented policies, based on the data we have to hand, with innovation as their cornerstone.”⁴⁰

The statement cited a number of impact studies that had been funded and/or conducted by industry lobby groups, and had predicted yield and income losses as a result of the policies.

In January 2022, the group published a press release about a Euractiv event titled “Farm to Fork Strategy – what are the policy instruments needed to reach the targets?” The event was co-sponsored by meat lobby coalition European Livestock Voice and the industry collaboration Agri-Food Chain Coalition, both of which count AnimalhealthEurope as a member. The press release stated, “With the Farm to Fork deadline looming in 8 years’ time and no comprehensive impact assessment in sight, we must build solution-oriented policies, based on the available data we have at hand, with innovation as their cornerstone. […] The agri-food sector calls on European policymakers to enable innovation as a driver of its Farm to Fork targets.”⁴¹

In January 2023, AnimalhealthEurope responded to a public consultation on EU plans to ban the import of animal products from countries outside the EU (“third countries”) produced with lower standards for antibiotic use. The draft regulations would ban imports of products produced with antibiotics to promote growth; or which used antibiotics considered critical to human health by the EU. Imported products would need to be from a country of origin approved by the EU and have a certificate of compliance.

AnimalhealthEurope warned that “this precludes operators from those countries who may not make the effort to be included on the list from exporting to the EU, even if their production system is fully compliant with the rules in the EU regarding the use of antimicrobials.”

It warned that overly “prescriptive” clauses could “jeopardise ongoing efforts to secure sustainable food systems globally and undermine the effectiveness of EU development policies,” and argued that trade standards needed to allow for differences in country circumstances. It also warned that “non-scientifically justified application of EU standards to imports” could lead to retaliation from third country governments, including possible restrictions on EU exports, and even undermine the work of global standard setting bodies like the intergovernmental World Organisation on Animal Health (WOAH). ⁴²

In June 2023, AnimalhealthEurope published a paper on the upcoming revision of the EU’s Animal Welfare Regulations, which aims to reduce the need for antibiotics amongst other goals. It stated, “We believe that food and farming choices are personal decisions” and advocated for “inclusive” and “workable” legislation.⁴³

Funding

AnimalhealthEurope declared a lobby spend of €50,000 – 99,999 for the EU in 2021, according to its profile on the EU Transparency Register.⁴⁴

The group does not appear to publish its funding sources, but is likely funded by its members – companies in the animal health sector.

Lobbying

On its profile on the EU Transparency Register, AnimalhealthEurope declared a lobby spend of €50,000 – 99,999 for the EU in 2021. It listed the following legislative policies and proposals targeted:⁴⁵

Regulation on Transmissible Animal Diseases and secondary legislation
Regulation of Veterinary Medicinal Products and secondary legislation
Regulation of Medicated Feed and secondary legislation
Regulation on Official Controls and secondary legislation
Common Agricultural Policy
Green Deal
Farm to Fork Strategy, including animal welfare legislation
Biodiversity Strategy
Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability
Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe
Circular Economy Action Plan
A New Industrial Strategy For Europe
European Strategy for Data
EU Digital Strategy

It listed two lobbyists, Pierre Sultana and Diana Teixeira, who were accredited with Parliamentary passes until February and April 2024 respectively. It also stated that it had spent €10,000 – 24,999 on representation costs to lobby firm FIPRA International in 2021.

AnimalhealthEurope is part of a number of groups advising the EU.

It is a member of the EU’s Health Emergency Preparedness and Response (HERA) Joint Industrial Cooperation Forum, which was created in the aftermath of Covid-19 “to support collaboration with health-related industrial ecosystems in the area of preparedness and response to health crises.”⁴⁶

It was a member of the following expert groups, advising the European Commission, alongside other industry bodies and civil society organisations, according to its entry in the EU Transparency Register:

Advisory Group on Sustainability of Food Systems
Antimicrobial Resistance One Health Network
Civil Dialogue Group (CDG) on Animal Production
Civil Dialogue Group (CDG) on Environment and Climate Change
Civil Dialogue Group (CDG) on International Aspects of Agriculture
Commission Expert Group on Animal Nutrition
Consultation Forum on Access and benefit sharing (ABS)
EU Platform on Animal Welfare
Technical Expert Group for the implementation of the Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes

It was also a member of the following intergroupings and unofficial groupings n the European Parliament:⁴⁷

Biodiversity, hunting, countryside
Climate change, biodiversity and sustainable development
Competitive European Industry: long-term and sustainable investment
Green new deal
Welfare and conservation of animals

Within the Europe Food Safety Agency (EFSA) it was a Member of the Stakeholder Consultative Platform and a Member of the Stakeholder Group on Emerging Risks. It was also a member of the EU Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) One Health Network.⁴⁸

Affiliations

The group listed the following affiliations on its profile on the EU Transparency website:⁴⁹

European Platform for the Responsible Use of Medicines in Animals (EPRUMA)
European Partnership for Alternatives Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA)
European Animal Research Association (EARA)
Agri-Food Chain Coalition (AFCC)
EFF (European Food Forum)
European Livestock Voice
PARII-EFSA
Animal Task Force (ATF)
European Risk Forum
HealthForAnimals
Global G.A.P.

Monique Eloit, Director General of the intergovernmental World Organisation for Animal Health spoke at the group’s annual conference in October 2022.⁵⁰

Personnel

The organisation’s Secretary General is Roxane Feller. Feller was previously Senior Policy officer for farm union Copa-Cogeca, a policy officer at trade association for the sugar industry CEFS, and Director of Economic Affairs for food and drink trade association FoodDrinkEurope.⁵¹ ⁵²

The Executive Assistant is Florentina Pardo, who is also Executive Assistant at the global animal health trade group Health for Animals.⁵³

Its Chair of the Management Committee is Julie Vermooten, Executive Director of Europe Public Policy and Government Relations at MSD. Vermooten is also Chair of the AgriFood Committee for the industry trade group American Chamber of Commerce to the EU (AmCham EU). She was previously European Affairs Manager for Product for livestock meat & eggs, PVE.⁵⁴

Its Public Affairs Director Pierre Sultana was previously Director, European Policy Office at animal welfare charity Four Paws, and a trainee at the Council of the European Union and at the French General Secretariat for European Affairs.⁵⁵

Its Junior Public Affairs Manager Diana Teixeira was previously an intern at FVE – Federation of Veterinarians of Europe.⁵⁶

As of July 2023, other board members were:⁵⁷

Jamie Brannan – Executive Vice President and President, International Operations and Aquaculture at Zoetis⁵⁸
Cesar Carnicer – Chief Executive Officer at Syva⁵⁹
Santiago de Andres – Director General at Veterindustria⁶⁰
Wijnand de Bruijn – CEO Business at Dopharma⁶¹
Enguerrand Dubois – Area Director, Europe at Virbac⁶²
Adam Estrup – Chief Executive Officer at ViNordic⁶³
Claire Fowler – Head of Region EUCAN (Europe & Canada) Animal Health at Boehringer Ingelheim⁶⁴
Kevin Holland – Chief Commercial Officer at Norbrook⁶⁵
Jean-Louis Hunault – President of SIMV⁶⁶
Loic Jegou – Europe Vice President at Ceva⁶⁷
Robert Kelly – Senior Vice President, Commercial Leader for EURAM Region at MSD Animal Health⁶⁸
Radoslaw Knap – Secretary General at Polprowet⁶⁹
Niclas Lindstedt – Senior Vice President Animal Health at Orion⁷⁰
Juan Pascual – Vice President France, Iberia and Italy at Elanco⁷¹
Eddy Piron – Vice President of Sales & Marketing at Huvepharma⁷²
Sabine Schueller – Executive Director of German Animal Health Industry Federation BfT⁷³
Frederik Schutte – Director of Fidin⁷⁴
Stijn Van Dessel – Group Director Europe and Export at Vetoquinol⁷⁵

Contact & Address

168 Avenue de Tervueren box 8, 5th floor 1150
Brussels, Belgium
+32 2 543 75 60
[email protected]

Resources

1
“What we do,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived URL: https://archive.ph/85jUt
2
“Our members,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/iaxWm
3
“Roxane Feller,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
4
“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
5
“Farm to Fork – It is time to listen to what the data says,” Euroseeds, October 12, 2021. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
6
“Farm to Fork,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/jASSQ
7
“Combatting antimicrobial resistance on farms thanks to CAP support,” European Commission, April 26, 2023. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/CmM5k
8
“Animal health contributes to all three pillars of sustainability,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .jpg on file at DeSmog.
9
“Farm to Fork,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/jASSQ
10
“Global animal farming, meat production and meat consumption,” De Statis, 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/M4mNw
11
Thomas P. Van Boeckel, Charles Brower, Marius Gilbert and Ramanan Laxminarayan, “Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals,” in PNAS, March 19, 2015. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived URL: https://archive.ph/9psT4
12
“Key facts and findings,” Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/3qsra
13
“Healthy animals, healthier people and a healthier planet,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
14
Martin C. Parlasca and Matin Qaim, “Meat Consumption and Sustainability,” in Annual Review of Resource Economics, October 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/uvTf6
15
“Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change,” Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
16
Catherine C. Ivanovich, Tianyi Sun, Doria R. Gordon & Ilissa B. Ocko, “Future warming from global food consumption,” Nature, March 6, 2023. Archived 24 August 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/iigoV
17
“35 000 annual deaths from antimicrobial resistance in the EU/EEA,” European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 17 November 2022. Archived 24 August 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XGejd
18
“Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations,” The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, chaired by Jim O’Neill, May 2016. Archived 24 August 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
19
“Healthy environment is key for antibiotics to work,” United Nations Environment Programme, 25 November 2020. Archived 24 August 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9Jb6s
20
“Antibiotic resistance,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/oUyIZ
21
“Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals Contributes to One Health Action,” AnimalhealthEurope, November 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/8NFdv
22
“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
23
Cóilín Nunan. “Ending routine farm antibiotic use in Europe. Achieving responsible farm antibiotic use through improving animal health and welfare in pig and poultry production,” European Public Health Alliance, January 2022. Archived August 24, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
24
“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
25
Thomas P. Van Boeckel, Charles Brower, Marius Gilbert and Ramanan Laxminarayan, “Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals”, in PNAS, March 19, 2015. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived URL: https://archive.ph/9psT4
26
M. Sjölund, M. Postma, L. Collineau, S. Lösken, A. Backhans, C. Belloc, U. Emanuelson, E.Groβe Beilage, K. Stärk, J. Dewulf, “Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns in farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden”, in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2016. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/iJxwg
27
“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
28
“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector”, YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
29
”EU bans the routine use of antibiotics in farmed animals,” World Animal Protection, January 28, 2022. Archived November 16, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/YnJDW
30
“WHO guidelines on use of medically important antimicrobials in food-producing animals,” World Health Organization, November 7, 2017. Archived February 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/zkMch
31
“New WHO guidelines on medically important antimicrobials in food producing animals lack One Health reasoning,” AnimalhealthEurope, November 7, 2017. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
32
“Discussion Paper in preparation for EU Farm to Fork Strategy Proposal,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7YqRS
33
“Livestock farming in Europe: what does sustainability look like?,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived December 11, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/akZ0o
34
“Smaller, Greener… Healthier? Livestock farming in Europe: What does sustainability look like?,” AnimalhealthEurope, September 9, 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
35
“AnimalhealthEurope welcomes Council Conclusions on EU Farm to Fork strategy,” AnimalhealthEurope, October 21, 2020. Archived August 30, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KMXSG
36
Vicky Cann. “Exploiting the Ukraine crisis for Big Business,” EU Observer, July 27, 2022. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/eJp8r
37
“Our call for a One Health transition to sustainable food in Europe,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
39
“Joint Declaration on the anniversary of the Farm to Fork strategy,” AnimalhealthEurope, May 20, 2021. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/X9yhS
40
“Farm to Fork – it is time to listen to what the data says,” CropLife Europe, October 12, 2023. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ubky1
41
“Farm to Fork Strategy: how to reach the targets?,” AnimalhealthEurope, January 2022. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/51R2l
42
“Feedback from: AnimalhealthEurope,” European Commission, January 1, 2023. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/C6jkb
43
“Position: EU Animal Welfare Legislation”, AnimalhealthEurope, June 5, 2023. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/z6N5J
44
“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
45
“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
46
“Joint Industrial Cooperation Forum Members List,” European Commission. Archived August 30, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
47
“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
48
“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
49
AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
50
“Message from the Secretary General and President,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/HnFHu
51
“Our team,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Utivq
52
“Roxane Feller” on LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
53
“Secretariat,” HealthforAnimals. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/5DQyH
54
“Julie Vermooten,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
55
“Pierre Sultana,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
56
“Diana Teixeira,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. “Our team,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Utivq
57
“Our Board,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/JY9si
58
“Jamie Brannan,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
59
“Cesar Carnicer,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
60
“Santiago de Andres,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
61
“Wijnand de Bruijn,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
62
“Enguerrand Dubois,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
63
“Adam Estrup,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
64
“Claire Fowler,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
65
“Kevin Holland,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
66
“Jean-Louis Hunault,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
67
“Loic Jegou,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
68
“Robert Kelly,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
69
“Radoslaw Knap,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
70
“Niclas Lindstedt,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
71
“Juan Pascual,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
72
“Eddy Piron,” Bloomberg. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mc1jy
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“Sabine Schueller,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
74
“Bestuur Fidin,” Fidin. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/nZCgA
75
“Stijn Van Dessel,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

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“Farm to Fork,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/jASSQ
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Martin C. Parlasca and Matin Qaim, “Meat Consumption and Sustainability,” in Annual Review of Resource Economics, October 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/uvTf6
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“Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals Contributes to One Health Action,” AnimalhealthEurope, November 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/8NFdv
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“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
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Cóilín Nunan. “Ending routine farm antibiotic use in Europe. Achieving responsible farm antibiotic use through improving animal health and welfare in pig and poultry production,” European Public Health Alliance, January 2022. Archived August 24, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
25
Thomas P. Van Boeckel, Charles Brower, Marius Gilbert and Ramanan Laxminarayan, “Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals”, in PNAS, March 19, 2015. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived URL: https://archive.ph/9psT4
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M. Sjölund, M. Postma, L. Collineau, S. Lösken, A. Backhans, C. Belloc, U. Emanuelson, E.Groβe Beilage, K. Stärk, J. Dewulf, “Quantitative and qualitative antimicrobial usage patterns in farrow-to-finish pig herds in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden”, in Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2016. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/iJxwg
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“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector,” YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
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“Reducing the use of antibiotics in the meat sector”, YouTube video uploaded by user Euractiv, April 21, 2021. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
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”EU bans the routine use of antibiotics in farmed animals,” World Animal Protection, January 28, 2022. Archived November 16, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/YnJDW
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“New WHO guidelines on medically important antimicrobials in food producing animals lack One Health reasoning,” AnimalhealthEurope, November 7, 2017. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
32
“Discussion Paper in preparation for EU Farm to Fork Strategy Proposal,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7YqRS
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“Livestock farming in Europe: what does sustainability look like?,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived December 11, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/akZ0o
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“Smaller, Greener… Healthier? Livestock farming in Europe: What does sustainability look like?,” AnimalhealthEurope, September 9, 2022. Archived August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“AnimalhealthEurope welcomes Council Conclusions on EU Farm to Fork strategy,” AnimalhealthEurope, October 21, 2020. Archived August 30, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KMXSG
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Vicky Cann. “Exploiting the Ukraine crisis for Big Business,” EU Observer, July 27, 2022. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/eJp8r
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“Our call for a One Health transition to sustainable food in Europe,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
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“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
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“AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
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AnimalhealthEurope,” EU Transparency Register. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/KiDLZ
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“Message from the Secretary General and President,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/HnFHu
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“Our team,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Utivq
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“Our Board,” AnimalhealthEurope. Archived August 30, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/JY9si
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“Jamie Brannan,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Cesar Carnicer,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Santiago de Andres,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Wijnand de Bruijn,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Enguerrand Dubois,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Adam Estrup,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Claire Fowler,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Kevin Holland,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Jean-Louis Hunault,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Loic Jegou,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Robert Kelly,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Radoslaw Knap,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Niclas Lindstedt,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Juan Pascual,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
72
“Eddy Piron,” Bloomberg. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mc1jy
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“Sabine Schueller,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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“Bestuur Fidin,” Fidin. Archived August 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/nZCgA
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“Stijn Van Dessel,” LinkedIn. Accessed August 29, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

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