Background
Danish Crown is a Denmark-based food manufacturer specialising in beef and pork processing,1โHomepage,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/fNu4j owned by the cooperative Leverandรธrselskabet Danish Crown AmbA.2โOrganization,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/xdFDTย The company is one of Europeโs largest pork producers3โWho are we?,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/ihUWJย and the worldโs largest pork exporter, with market access to more than 130 countries.4โDanish Crown,โ LinkedIn.ย Archived July 13 2021.
In 1998, Danish Crown merged with Danish cooperative slaughterhouse Vestjyske Slagterier.5Aaron McDonald. โGroup CEO of Danish Crown to step down,โย Food Navigator, September 30, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/ecdLo In 2015, the company attempted to merge with its local rival Tican, but this was prevented by Danish competition authorities.6โDanish Crown and Tican merger under review,โย PigProgress,ย July 23, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/wzKWn.ย
According to its 2019/2020 annual report, Danish Crown slaughtered 18 million pigs and 0.8 million cows during that year. It had 5,900 cooperative members and 22,996 full-time employees, on average, and reported a revenue of DKK 61 billion (ยฃ7 billion) and a net profit of DKK 2 billion (ยฃ246 million).7โAnnual report 2019/20,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/xGiq7.ย The same year, it announced plans8Emma Upshall. โDanish Crown to invest $322m in factory capabilities,โย FoodBev Media, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/D4KiU. to offer plant-based products9Katy Askew. โDanish Crown to launch plant-based products โvery soonโ,โ.ย Food Navigator, August 2, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/mVbMJ.ย and invest a โthree-digit million figureโ in more efficient and eco-friendly processing plants.10โDanish Crown will 269 Mio โฌ in eigene Infrastruktur investieren,โย Top Agrar Online, December 9, 2020.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/JghTh
According to a 2021 study by New York University researchers, Danish Crownโs greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are currently equivalent to 29 percent of Denmarkโs total emissions. On a business-as-usual pathway, Danish Crownโs emissions would be responsible by 2030 for 42 percent of Denmarkโs emissions target under the Paris Agreement, known as a Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).11Oliver Lazarus, Sonali McDermid, and Jennifer Jacquet. โThe climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,โย Climatic Change, March 25, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.ph/TXRBt.ย ย
Sustainability non-profits GRAIN and the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP) estimated in a 2018 report that Danish Crownโs total yearly emissions are 16.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e).12โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, and GRAIN, July 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/L0frI.ย
In June 2021, three Denmark-based non-profit organisations filed Denmarkโs first climate lawsuit against Danish Crown, accusing the company of spreading false claims about the climate impact of meat.13Frances Schwartzkopff. โFirst Danish Climate Lawsuit Targets EUโs Biggest Pork Producer,โย Bloomberg, June 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย http://archive.today/P0EdL.
Stance on Climate Change
In 2019, Danish Crown launched a new brand identity, claiming to set โa new direction towards a more sustainable future from farm to fork,โ and announced that a โnew brand and narrative will make it clearer to customers and consumers that Danish Crown has started this transformation.โ14โDanish Crown presents its new brand identity,โย Danish Crown, September 16, 2019.ย Archived July, 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/5uj7r.ย
As part of the rebranding, Danish Crown changed its websiteโs motto from โItโs all about foodโ15โHome,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived June 7, 2017. to โWe are creating a sustainable future for food.โ16โHomepage,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/fNu4j
The companyโs new website includes a section dedicated to sustainability, where the company states that โclimate researchers all over the world are highlighting meat as one of the great challenges for our planet, the climate and the living conditions of future generations.โ17โSustainability,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/UL3jx.ย
On the page, Danish Crown says it aims to โoffer people a sustainable alternative, so they can eat meat in responsible quantities with a clear conscience.โ The company plans โto be the worldโs most sustainable and successful meat producer in 2030โ and says it is working to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050.18โFact Sheet: Danish Crownโs Sustainability Strategy,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/71Voc.ย
In a presentation given at the University of Copenhagen in 2020, Valeur stated: โI think it is really important that Danish Crown, on a day like today, tells and shows the outside world that we are part of the solution. That we demonstrate that we can and will help to make global food systems climate neutral, and that we are part of the future.โ19โJais Valeur talte om bรฆredygtighed pรฅ international forskningskonference,โย Danish Crown, February 27, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hPjTk.ย
In 2019, Danish Crownโs CEO Jais Valeur stated that he has โa rock-solid belief that we are succeeding in taking a lead role globally on sustainability.โ20โFem skarpe til Jais Valeur,โย Danish Crown, November 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/E2PJQ.ย
In 2018, Danish Crownโs chairman Erik Bredholt explained in a press release that the company is increasingly focusing on sustainability to โgo on the offensiveโ since โeveryone is talking about climate and sustainability.โ According to Bredholt, Danish Crown now requires farmers to apply for sustainability certification to โdemarcate Danish Crown’s pigs positivelyโ and โto show the outside world that we take the lead on the sustainability agenda for meatโ to create โa new edgeโ that cannot be copied by competitors.21โFem skarpe om bรฆredygtighed til formanden,โย Danish Crown, March 8, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/YG9Gi.ย
However, the company has also been critical of some efforts to address climate change.
In a 2021 interview with Berlingske, Danish Crown CEO Jais Valeur voiced concerns that the climate debate could drive agriculture out of Denmark.22Vibeke Lyngklip Svansรธ. โDanish Crown-topchef med advarsel: โReel risiko for, at vi kรธrer landbruget ud af Danmark med klimadebatten,โย Berlingske,ย June 8, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uqcS5.ย
In 2021, Danish Crown criticised Denmarkโs newly launched dietary guidelines, which highlight the health and environmental impacts of food, for not including information about local differences in meat production. It called for dietary guidelines to be โregularly revised to reflect the progress of agriculture.โ23โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
In 2020, Valeur responded to discussions about meat-free days in government canteens by stating, โthe debate about what we should eat in the future deserves more than being reduced to a question of mandatory meat-free days.โ24Jais Valeur. โDanish Crown: Kรธdfrie dage hรธrer til pรฅ de lette lรธsningers holdeplads,โย Altinget,ย November 10, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Bolqu.ย
Livestock emissions
In its sustainability report, Danish Crown acknowledges โthat meat production is a substantial contributor to greenhouse gas emissionsโ and provides data about the emissions of farms that have joined the companyโs โClimate Track,โ a scheme that aims to reduce supplying farmersโ emissions. According to the report, emissions on certified farms increased from 223kg CO2e per pig in 2019 to 223.8kg in 2020. Danish Crown explained the increase by pointing out that farmers on the Climate Track own the smallest herds, โhave a much lower feed efficiency per pig and do not use the latest technology.โ In September 2019, Danish Crown reported having โcertified the 950 Danish cooperative members who deliver 90 per cent of the pigs for our Danish abattoirsโ as part of its Climate Track program.25โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
Farmers who join the scheme are inspected and certified by Baltic Control, a Danish inspection, testing, and certification company. Danish Crown plans to add all of its supplying members based in Denmark, Poland, Germany and Sweden to the program by 2023.26โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
In the companyโs 2019/2020 sustainability report, Danish Crown claimed that the company had reduced emissions from its facilities from 410,869 to 363,335 tonnes of CO2e in scope 1 and 2 emissions through a transition to renewable energy at several sites. Danish Crown did not include scope 3 emissions in its estimate, however, which account for the majority of meat companiesโ emissions.27โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
In contrast to Danish Crownโs estimate, sustainability non-profits GRAIN and IATP estimated the total yearly emissions of Danish Crown to be 16.5 Mt of CO2e in a 2018 report, using a UN Food and Agriculture Organisation model that covers scope 1โ3 emissions.28โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, and GRAIN, July 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/L0frI.ย
Scope 1 and 2 emissions stem from direct activities of a company or activities under their control, as well as from the production of energy used by the company.29โWhat is the Difference Between Scope 1, 2 and 3 Emissions?,โย Compare your Footprint, November 2, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/bvtk7. Scope 3 emissions are all other indirect emissions originating from sources the company does not own or control, including land used to produce animal feed and emissions from farms that supply meat companies.30Dr. Meryl Richards. โMeasure the Chain: Tools for Assessing GHG Emissions in Agricultural Supply Chains,โย Ceres et al.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/7UvXX.ย
Key Narratives
Danish Crown promotes a number of narratives to justify its business model. Find out more about how the meat industry is climate-washing its activities in our investigation. And you can read counter-arguments and criticisms of these narratives in our factsheet.
โAnimal agriculture isnโt a serious driver of climate changeโ
โDanish meat is more environmentally friendlyโ
In January 2021, Danish Crown criticised Denmarkโs newly launched dietary guidelines, which highlight the health and environmental impacts of food, for not including information about local differences in meat production.31โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
In 2020, the company added stickers to pork products stating that the climate footprint of one kilo of Danish pork from Danish Crown had been reduced by 25 percent since 2005.32โKlimaindsats bliver synlig i kรธledisken,โย Danish Crown, August 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/oF20u.ย The company stated that producing one kilo of pork in Denmark caused 2.82kg of GHG emissions in 2016, compared with 3.79kg in 2005.33Marie Sรฆhl, Jeppe Kyhne Knudsen, and Klaus Schjerning Andersen. โDanish Crowns reklamer for klimasvin fรฅr grรธnne tรฆsk: โDet ligner vildledning!โ,โย DR, September 23, 2020.ย Archive July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dWHPc.ย Danish Crown backed up this claim by citing a life cycle assessment conducted by Aarhus Universityโs Department of Agroecology for Danish Crown in 2019. The report is not publicly available, and Danish Crown did not reply to DeSmogโs request for access.34โDanish pork has 25% less carbon footprint,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/tI6Ne.ย
In 2019, Aarhus University withdrew a report on the climate impact of beef published by the Danish Centre for Food and Agriculture (DCA), one of the universityโs research centres, when an investigation revealed that Danish Crown and the Danish agricultural association Landbrug & Fรธdevarer, of which it is a member,35Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh. had influenced36โAarhus Universitet erkender at have tilbageholdt dokumenter,โย Jyllands-Posten, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/RdAe0.ย and co-written the report.37Lasse Skou Andersen, Lise Richter, and Martin Bahn. โEfter oksekรธdsrapport: Landbrug & Fรธdevarer erkender โgraverende fejlโ i andre sager,โย Informatรญon, September 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3QeHR.ย
In an opinion piece published online, Danish Crown CEO Jais Valeur referred to calculations by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and stated that one kilo of Danish pork produced 10.8kg of CO2 emissions, lower than many other countries, to support the claim that โthere is a huge difference in meatโs climate footprint, depending on where it is produced.โ38Jais Valeur. โDanish Crown: Kรธdfrie dage hรธrer til pรฅ de lette lรธsningers holdeplads,โย Altinget,ย November 10, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Bolqu.ย The WRI report, which had been part-funded by Landbrug & Fรธdevarer, concluded that โDenmark is in the lowest carbon cost tier of countries analyzed for both pork and dairy, which differs from some other analyses, but differences are not large.โ39Stefan Wirseniusย et al. โComparing the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of dairy and pork systems across countries using land-use carbon opportunity costs,โย World Resources Institute, May 2020.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/guEDO.ย
The WRI and Aarhus University emissions estimates depend on different life cycle analysis models. The World Resources Instituteโs model considers land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF), which includes deforestation and organic soil carbon.40โLand use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF),โย European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, July 24, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/cTHgE.ย Aarhus University uses a life cycle assessment model41Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail. developed as part of a project initiated by Danish Crown titled โPork 4.0.โ The assessment model does not consider the emissions caused, and carbon sequestration prevented, by land use and is only used by Aarhus University in the context of the โPork 4.0โ project.42โCSR report 2016/17,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EKPu1.
Also in 2020, the company ran an advertising campaign, claiming that โpigs are more climate-friendly than you think.โ43Marie Sรฆhl, Jeppe Kyhne Knudsen, and Klaus Schjerning Andersen. โDanish Crowns reklamer for klimasvin fรฅr grรธnne tรฆsk: โDet ligner vildledning!โ,โย DR, September 23, 2020.ย Archive July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dWHPc.ย After criticism from consumer organisation Forbrugerrรฅdet Tรฆnk and green think tank Concito, Danish Crown stopped using the slogan. The company continues to claim, however, that it produces โclimate controlled pork.โ44โClimate-controlled pork from our Danish farmers,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/b6en7.ย
In June 2021, three Denmark-based non-profit organisations, the Vegetarian Society of Denmark, the Climate Movement, and the Green Student Movement, filed Denmarkโs first climate lawsuit against Danish Crown for these two marketing campaigns, accusing the company of spreading deceptive claims about the climate impact of pork.45Frances Schwartzkopff. โFirst Danish Climate Lawsuit Targets EUโs Biggest Pork Producer,โย Bloomberg, June 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย http://archive.today/P0EdL.
โMeat can be produced sustainablyโ
In his opening speech to the 2018 โMEAT2030โ conference,46โLetโs Meat 2030 Together,โย Danish Crown, September 19, 2018. Archived June 14, 2021.ย Valeur said he wanted a future where โconsumers actively seek sustainably produced meat,โ โmeat production and farming systems are resilient, diverse and thriving; working in harmony with the environment and nature,โ and โfarmers are paid a fair price for their products and are an influential and valuable part in society.โ47Jais Valeur. โMeat 2030: Action for a sustainable future,โย Danish Crown. Archived June 14, 2021.
After the conference, Valeur stated: โI was particularly happy about the consensus that meat should be on the dinner plate in the future. We must have a place on the plate so that we do not become irrelevant in the future.โ48Jais Valeur. โMEAT2030: Ideer til mere bรฆredygtigt kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 20, 2018.ย Archive July, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gv4y3.ย
A 2018 study published in Nature found that reducing meat consumption is crucial to lowering the food systemโs emissions and that โ[i]f socioeconomic changes towards [meat-heavy] Western consumption patterns continue, the environmental pressures of the food system are likely to intensify, and humanity might soon approach the planetary boundaries for global freshwater use, change in land use, and ocean acidification.โ49Marco Springmannย et al.ย โOptions for keeping the food system within environmental limits,โย Nature, October 10, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hiTaq.ย
โGrazing supports biodiversityโ
In 2021, Danish Crown criticised a database about the carbon footprint of different foods launched by Danish retailer Salling Group A/S and the sustainability think tank Concito, claiming it lacked nuance. Danish Crown argued that for โbeef cattle, which are bred solely for meat production, CO2 emissions are of course high, but in return they graze in fields and contribute greatly to biodiversityโ by โcontributing to the emergence of more insects, worms, flowers, plants, and birds, which add biotopes that are attractive to the holistic view of nature.โ50โNy rapport om klimabelastning savner nuancer,โย Danish Crown, February 2, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/bxXDK.ย
The US-based Center for Biological Diversity states: โThe ecological costs of livestock grazing exceed that of any other western land use.โ51โGrazing,โย Centre for Biological Diversity.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/n59Hj.ย A 2020 study by researchers from the University of Alberta warned that scaling up livestock grazing to meet future food demand could threaten the biodiversity of herbivores and pollinators worldwide.52Alessandro Filazzolaย et al.ย โThe effects of livestock grazing on biodiversity are multi-trophic: a meta-analysis,โย Ecology Letters, February 6, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021.
โOur feed comes from responsible sourcesโ
According to Danish Crownโs website, the company plans to ensure that their โDanish production needs for soy is [sic] covered by third party certified or verified responsible say [sic] that does not cause deforestation.โ53โWe are creating a sustainable future for food,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3yz0T. In 2019, the company joined the Danish Alliance for Responsible Soy.54โDanish Crown tilslutter sig Dansk Alliance for Ansvarlig Soja,โย Danish Crown, September 26, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/nU4qA.ย Danish Crown’s Communications Director Astrid Gade Nielsen stated: โDanish feed companies buy soy from areas that live up to the fact that no rainforest has been cleared within a certain number of years, however, the challenge is a lack of documentation on this.โ55โStort fokus pรฅ bรฆredygtig soja,โย Danish Crown, February 7, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/b84eB.ย
In response to the 2020 Amazon fires, Danish Crown announced it would be partnering with the European Feed Manufacturers Federation (FEFAC)56Jane Byrne. โDanish Crown moves to ensure its soy value chain is deforestation-free as report calls out the company on its soy sustainability policies,โย Feed Navigator, May 4, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rCJ8h.ย and plans to acquire โRTRS or RTRS equivalent certificates / credits to cover the companyโs Danish production with effect from 1st October 2020.โ57โResponsible soy,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/z6v1s.ย RTRS credits support farmers to produce soy without deforestation but do not necessarily mean that the credit buyers themselves are feeding sustainable soy to farmed animals.58Tom Levitt. โHow can we stop using soya linked to deforestation?,โย The Guardian, November 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aasxK.ย
According to a 2021 Greenpeace report, Danish Crown has knowingly contributed to deforestation in Brazil, including the widely-reported fires of 2020, through its trading partners JBS, Minerva, and Marfrig.59โSรฅdan kan du lรฆgge pres pรฅ Danish Crown,โย Greenpeace, March, 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/28M39.ย
โLocally-produced meat cuts out transport emissionsโ
The company argues on its website that meat produced in Denmark โhas a very short way from farm to fork.โ60โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
According to an analysis published by Oxford Universityโs Our World in Data project, however, the transport, processing, retail, and packaging of food account for only a small share of emissions, while most GHG emissions caused by animal agriculture result from the production of the meat itself.61Hannah Ritchie. โYou want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local,โย Our World in Data, January 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/jK4Se.ย
โMeat is needed for a healthy diet and to feed the worldโ
โMeat is needed to feed the worldโs growing populationโ
On September 19, 2018, Danish Crown hosted a conference titled โMEAT2030โ in Copenhagen with the goal โto get input for a more sustainable future for meat.โ62Jais Valeur. โMEAT2030: Ideer til mere bรฆredygtigt kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 20, 2018.ย Archive July, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gv4y3.ย One day before the conference, Danish Crown CEO Valeur wrote an article published by Altinget, stating: โIn ten years, the middle class worldwide will have grown from 3.2 billion people to 5 billion who will […] have meat as part of their diet. This is wearing out the planet and this development cannot continue. We are therefore faced with a choice: Should we stop eating meat, or should we find a sustainable way forward? At Danish Crown, the answer is clear. Meat has always been part of the human diet, and so it will remain in the future.โ63Kiki Qvistgaard. โDanish Crown: Fremtiden er bรฆredygtig โ ogsรฅ for kรธd,โย Altinget, September 18, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/C0IQC.ย
On the companyโs โSustainabilityโ section of its website, Danish Crown states that despite the climate impacts of meat consumption, โthis does not mean that Danish Crown will be producing less meatโ because โin 2050, according to the UN, there will be approximately 10 billion mouths to feed.โ64โWe are creating a sustainable future for food,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3yz0T.
A 2018 study published in Nature, however, found that reducing meat consumption is crucial to lowering the food systemโs emissions and that โ[i]f socioeconomic changes towards [meat-heavy] Western consumption patterns continue, the environmental pressures of the food system are likely to intensify, and humanity might soon approach the planetary boundaries for global freshwater use, change in land use, and ocean acidification.โ65Marco Springmannย et al.ย โOptions for keeping the food system within environmental limits,โย Nature, October 10, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hiTaq.ย
โMeat is an exceptional source of nutrientsโ
According to Valeur, โmeat has always been associated with quality of life and prosperityโ and is โa good and safe way to vital proteins, vitamins and minerals.โ66Jais Valeur. โVi vil skabe en bรฆredygtig fremtid for kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 18, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/PDnjt.ย At a conference held at the University of Copenhagen in 2020, Valeur stated that โmeat has an important role to play in a balanced diet.โ67โJais Valeur talte om bรฆredygtighed pรฅ international forskningskonference,โย Danish Crown, February 27, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hPjTk.ย
Nutrition associations, including the British Nutrition Foundation, approve of meat-free diets, however.68โPlant-based diets,โย British Nutrition Foundation.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Ws13f.ย According to the American Dietetic Association, โappropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases.โ69Winston Craig and Ann Reed Mangels. โPosition of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets,โย National Centre for Biotechnology Information, July 2009.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/yU1Fh.ย
โEating meat is a personal choiceโ
In response to newly launched dietary guidelines by the Danish government in January 2021, Danish Crown argued it should be left to โthe individual consumer to assess their meat intake.โ70โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
โInnovations in animal agriculture will tackle climate changeโ
โWe are producing less emissions-intensive meatโ
As part of the companyโs sustainability strategy, Danish Crown launched a โClimate Trackโ scheme to โproduce meat that is (net) climate neutral in 2050,โ pointing out that โDanish farmers have [already] successfully improved efficiency, so that the amount of feed needed to produce 1 kg of pork has fallen significantly over the last several years.โ71โWe are following the Climate Track,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:https://archive.ph/jGxTL.ย
Sustainability non-profits GRAIN and IATP warn that โthe large gains in โefficiencyโ realised by industrial farming in the twentieth century will be hard to repeat without major ecological, social and health impacts.โ72โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย GRAIN and the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, July 18, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/xY4Y7.ย
โBreeding and genetic engineering will reduce the climate impacts of meatโ
In 2019, Danish Crown partnered with SEGES, an offshoot of Landbrug & Fรธdevarer, Aarhus University, and other companies for the โFutureBeefCrossโ project, aiming to develop more climate-friendly beef cattle through breeding and genetic engineering.73โLandmand inviterer til et kig pรฅ fremtidens bรฆredygtige slagtekalv,โย Danish Crown, November 5, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/2Ycfz.ย
โWe are using more sustainable packaging and fertiliserโ
In 2021, Danish Crown committed to purchasing CO2-free fertiliser from a new production plant in Esbjerg, a project led by Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP)74โDFDS Aims to Bring Environmental Footprint to Climate Neutral,โย Railly News, February 27, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gX0gz.ย expected to start operations in 2026.75Sladjana Djunisic. โCIP joins Dansh shipping, agri-sector on offshore wind-to-ammonia project,โย Renewables Now, February 23, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/HDZGC.ย In 2019, Danish Crown launched new packaging to reduce its plastic consumption.76โDanish Crown introducerer ny klimavenlig emballage til foodservice,โย Danish Crown, November 26, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/VvjTZ.ย
According to an analysis published by Oxford Universityโs Our World in Data project, the packaging of meat accounts for only a small share of emissions caused by the livestock sector.77Hannah Ritchie. โYou want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local,โย Our World in Data, January 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/jK4Se.ย
โWe are producing green energyโ
In 2019, Danish Crown argued that biogas produced from its slaughterhousesโ residual products provide โenough green energy to heat many homes.โ78โOur abattoirs are very energy-efficient and make optimum use of the pig,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/p1sPm.ย
Environmental campaigners have criticised manure management technologies such as biogas digesters for โhelping to perpetuate large-scale factory farming under the guise of mitigating climate change.โ79Gosia Wozniacka. โAre Dairy Digesters the Renewable Energy Answer or a โFalse Solutionโ to Climate Change?,โย Civil Eats, April 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/q37P3.ย Campaigners have also argued that gas produced on factory farms does not qualify as clean energy because burning the gas releases carbon dioxide and other contaminants, while methane-capture technologies fail to address the majority of industrial livestock farming emissions.80Viveca Morris. โWhy meat and dairy corporations are the Achillesโ heel of Bidenโs climate plan,โย LA Times, May 16, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/SMMgN.ย
Lobbying
In 2019, the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food invited Danish Crownโs CEO to chair a new climate partnership between the government and the food and agriculture sector,81โJais Valeur bliver formand for klimapartnerskab med regeringen,โย Danish Crown, November 7, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/lwke8.ย to help the Danish government reach its goal of reducing the countryโs emissions by 70 percent by 2030.82โKlimapartnerskaber,โย Erhvervsministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/znEsv.ย After Danish Crown farmers criticised Valeur for accepting the position instead of focusing on meat sales, its press manager Jens Hansen stated: โIn our view, it would be crazy to say no to leading the climate partnership, when there is an inquiry from the country’s Minister of Food and the Prime Minister. In the role of chairman, Jais Valeur and Danish Crown get the best possible opportunities to shape and contribute to a climate strategy that ensures we still have significant food production in 2050, which contributes to jobs and foreign exchange earnings in Denmark.โ83โSvineavlere gรฅr imod Danish Crowns klimaindsats,โย Food Supply, November 28, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/BsYtT.ย
The climate partnership chaired by Valeur submitted a report to the Danish government in 2020, suggesting steps towards a more sustainable and climate-friendly system of agriculture in Denmark.84โKlimapartnerskabet for Fรธdevare- og Landbrugssektoren,โย Klima-, Energi- og Forsyningsministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/ghfIz.ย The submission of the report coincided with the outbreak of COVID-19, and CEO Valeur stated that Danish Crown had decided to postpone discussions about the report with the Danish government and parliament.85Jais Valeur. โKlimapartnerskabet for Fรธdevare- og Landbrugssektoren,โย LinkedIn, March 16, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/vbeWD.ย
โGlad for gris,โ a campaign launched in 2019, which aims โto strengthen the sale of pork in Denmark by contributing to an improvement in the perceived value of pork through a digital consumer campaign, targeted at young people,โ86Alexandra OโSullivan Freltoft. โKlimaaktivist: Jeg tror ikke lรฆngere, at alle landmรฆnd er bagstrรฆberiske bรธnder,โย Information, June 13, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. received โฌ2.45 million in funding from the EU.87Sini Erรคjรครค. โMarketing Meat: How EU promotional funds favour meat and dairy,โย Greenpeace, April 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/2PmT5.ย The campaign was run by Landbrug & Fรธdevarer, an organisation representing Danish food and agricultural companies, including Danish Crown. It was also supported by the Danish Pig Tax Fund, overseen by the Danish Ministry of Food and Agriculture, working to โstrengthen the development opportunities and competitiveness of the whole pork sector.โ88โHomepage,โย Svineafgiftsfonden.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EeHvq.ย
In 2018, Danish Crown reported that it had been collaborating with European food groups to develop the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) standards for โdocumenting and communicating the environmental footprint of the production of red meatโ since 2016.89โCSR report 2017/18,โย Danish Crown. Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:
In 2017, Danish Crownโs Senior Sustainability Manager Charlotte Thy gave a presentation at a conference on developing EU PEF standards organised by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food titled โChallenges in the development of PEFCR for meat. Market possibilities for Danish meat sector.โ90โProducts Environmental Footprint,โย Miljรธ- og Fรธdevareministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.pg URL:ย https://archive.ph/zR2IP.
When current Prime Minister of Denmark Mette Frederiksen, then chairman of Denmarkโs Social Democratic Party, dismissed the discussion about the environmental impact of meat as hysterical in 2018, CEO of Danish Crown Beef Finn Klostermann reportedly replied: “If you do not become Prime Minister, then you can become a seller at Danish Crown.”91Frederik Siiger Hansen and Torben Worsรธe. โS-formand: Debat om kรธd er hysterisk,โย Landbrugs Avisen, November 22, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021.ย
Bjarke Kamstrup, former press manager at the Danish Ministry of Food and Agriculture became Public Affairs Manager at Danish Crown in May 2021.92โBjarke Kamstrup,โย LinkedIn.ย Archived July 13, 2021.
Affiliations
Jais Valeur, CEO of Danish Crown, chaired a climate partnership in 2019 consisting of 14 Danish business leaders invited by the Danish Ministry of Environment and Food to help the government reach its 2030 emissions goals.93โJais Valeur bliver formand for klimapartnerskab med regeringen,โย Danish Crown, November 7, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/lwke8.ย The 14 members included representatives of other high-emitting sectors, including from aviation (SAS Danmark), shipping (Mรฆrsk), and transport (DSV Panalpina).94โ13 climate partnerships will support the Danish government in reaching the green targets,โย State of Green, November 13, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/MuHbG.ย
In September 2018, Danish Crown hosted a conference titled โMEAT2030.โ Speakers included the then Danish Prime Minister Lars Lรธkke Rasmussen; Lisa Sweet, Head of Agriculture, Food and Beverage Industries at the World Economic Forum; Michael La Cour, Managing Director of IKEA Food Services; Stephanie Draper, Chief Change Officer at Forum for the Future; Anne Mottet, Livestock Officer at FAO; and food entrepreneur Claus Meyer Nielsen.95โLetโs Meat 2030 Together,โย Danish Crown, September 19, 2018. Archived June 14, 2021.ย The presentations covered the ecological footprint of livestock farming, changing consumer preferences, and the potential of technological innovations, including plant-based and lab-grown meat alternatives.96Jais Valeur. โMeat 2030: Action for a sustainable future,โย Danish Crown. Archived June 14, 2021.
Karl Christian Mรธller, Chief Analyst at Danish Crown, is on the board of directors of Dansk Protein Innovation, which supplies grass protein to animal feed producer Vestjyllands Andel.97โBestyrelsen,โย Dansk Protein Innovation.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/kXHWU.ย
Research Collaborations
As part of the companyโs sustainability messaging, Danish Crown uses a life cycle assessment model developed as part of the โPork 4.0โ project,98Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail. a project initiated by Danish Crown and carried out in collaboration with Aarhus University, Danish health authority Statens Serum Institut, and consulting firm SEGES, an offshoot of Landbrug & Fรธdevarer. The โPork 4.0โ assessment model does not consider the emissions caused, and carbon sequestration prevented by, land use and is only used by Aarhus University in the context of the โPork 4.0โ project.99โCSR report 2016/17,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EKPu1.
In 2019, Aarhus University withdrew a report from Aarhus Universityโs Danish Centre For Food And Agriculture (DCA) and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) about the climate impact of beef and veal100Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh. when an investigation by the newspaper Information revealed that Danish Crown and the Danish agricultural association Landbrug & Fรธdevarer had influenced101โAarhus Universitet erkender at have tilbageholdt dokumenter,โย Jyllands-Posten, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/RdAe0.ย and co-written the report, as well as subsequent press releases.102Lasse Skou Andersen, Lise Richter, and Martin Bahn. โEfter oksekรธdsrapport: Landbrug & Fรธdevarer erkender โgraverende fejlโ i andre sager,โย Informatรญon, September 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3QeHR.ย
Danish Crown confirmed that the company should have been listed as a co-author of the report103โKammeradvokaten: Danish Crown skulle have stรฅet som medforfatter pรฅ oksekรธdsrapporten,โย Danish Crown, October 1, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/nVrIg.ย and announced it would be working with Danish law firm Kammeradvokaten/Poul Schmith โto assess our collaboration with research institutes, – especially regarding the beef report from 2019 but also in relation to reports from previous years.โ104โSustainability report 2018-2019,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/M5NMx.ย
Further investigations uncovered errors and omissions105โIntern undersรธgelse pรฅ Aarhus Universitet finder fejl og mangler i 34 ud af 55 rapporter,โย Information, November 5 2019.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/eWV0U.ย in 34 out of 55 DCA reports produced by Aarhus University that involved collaboration with private companies and interested groups.106Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh. The university decided not to withdraw these additional reports.107โOksekรธdsrapport var ikke alene: Aarhus Universitet finder mangler i flere rapporter,โย DR, November 4, 2019.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/DF5dc.ย
In 2019, Aarhus University partnered with Danish Crown, among other Danish retail companies, to develop a Masterโs degree programme in Commercial and Retail Management.108โAnnual Report 2019,โย Aarhus Universitet, April 1, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/0CDss.ย In 2020, Danish Crown partnered with Aarhus University and consulting firm SEGES for โPork 4.0,โ a research project on sustainable pork production.109Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail.
Copenhagen Universityโs Department of Food Science works with Danish Crown, among other meat producers, to help the company โwith the challenges the meat industry is facing.โ110Renรฉ Lametsch. โUCPH FOODโs research in meat,โย University of Copenhagen.ย Archived July 2013, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/5eund.ย In 2020, Copenhagen Universityโs Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences invited Danish Crown to speak at a conference titled โTransforming global food systems under climate change: Achieving zero emissionsโ.111โTransforming global food systems under climate change: Achieving zero emissions,โย University of Copenhagen, February 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/II8ZW.ย
Since 2017, Copenhagen University and Aarhus University have been collaborating with Danish Crown on the โSuperGrassPorkโ project, an initiative working to supplement pig feed with locally grown grass protein funded by the Danish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries-backed Green Development and Demonstration Program (GUDP). Other partners in the project include Friland A/S, a Danish Crown supplier, animal feed and crop producer Vestjyllands Andel, and the Institute for Food Studies, a non-profit organization working to improve human and planetary health through food-based solutions.112Jane Byrne. โTrial: Locally produced grass protein in organic pig diets does not compromise quality, productivity or taste,โย Feed Navigator, February 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/qecoI.
Other Resources
Resources
- 1
- 2โOrganization,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/xdFDTย
- 3โWho are we?,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/ihUWJย
- 4โDanish Crown,โ LinkedIn.ย Archived July 13 2021.
- 5Aaron McDonald. โGroup CEO of Danish Crown to step down,โย Food Navigator, September 30, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/ecdLo
- 6โDanish Crown and Tican merger under review,โย PigProgress,ย July 23, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/wzKWn.ย
- 7โAnnual report 2019/20,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/xGiq7.ย
- 8Emma Upshall. โDanish Crown to invest $322m in factory capabilities,โย FoodBev Media, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/D4KiU.
- 9Katy Askew. โDanish Crown to launch plant-based products โvery soonโ,โ.ย Food Navigator, August 2, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/mVbMJ.ย
- 10โDanish Crown will 269 Mio โฌ in eigene Infrastruktur investieren,โย Top Agrar Online, December 9, 2020.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/JghTh
- 11Oliver Lazarus, Sonali McDermid, and Jennifer Jacquet. โThe climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,โย Climatic Change, March 25, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.ph/TXRBt.ย ย
- 12โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, and GRAIN, July 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/L0frI.ย
- 13Frances Schwartzkopff. โFirst Danish Climate Lawsuit Targets EUโs Biggest Pork Producer,โย Bloomberg, June 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย http://archive.today/P0EdL.
- 14โDanish Crown presents its new brand identity,โย Danish Crown, September 16, 2019.ย Archived July, 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/5uj7r.ย
- 15โHome,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived June 7, 2017.
- 16
- 17โSustainability,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/UL3jx.ย
- 18โFact Sheet: Danish Crownโs Sustainability Strategy,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/71Voc.ย
- 19โJais Valeur talte om bรฆredygtighed pรฅ international forskningskonference,โย Danish Crown, February 27, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hPjTk.ย
- 20โFem skarpe til Jais Valeur,โย Danish Crown, November 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/E2PJQ.ย
- 21โFem skarpe om bรฆredygtighed til formanden,โย Danish Crown, March 8, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/YG9Gi.ย
- 22Vibeke Lyngklip Svansรธ. โDanish Crown-topchef med advarsel: โReel risiko for, at vi kรธrer landbruget ud af Danmark med klimadebatten,โย Berlingske,ย June 8, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uqcS5.ย
- 23โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
- 24Jais Valeur. โDanish Crown: Kรธdfrie dage hรธrer til pรฅ de lette lรธsningers holdeplads,โย Altinget,ย November 10, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Bolqu.ย
- 25โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
- 26โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
- 27โSustainability report 2019-2020,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/uBR43.
- 28โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, and GRAIN, July 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/L0frI.ย
- 29โWhat is the Difference Between Scope 1, 2 and 3 Emissions?,โย Compare your Footprint, November 2, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/bvtk7.
- 30Dr. Meryl Richards. โMeasure the Chain: Tools for Assessing GHG Emissions in Agricultural Supply Chains,โย Ceres et al.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/7UvXX.ย
- 31โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
- 32โKlimaindsats bliver synlig i kรธledisken,โย Danish Crown, August 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/oF20u.ย
- 33Marie Sรฆhl, Jeppe Kyhne Knudsen, and Klaus Schjerning Andersen. โDanish Crowns reklamer for klimasvin fรฅr grรธnne tรฆsk: โDet ligner vildledning!โ,โย DR, September 23, 2020.ย Archive July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dWHPc.ย
- 34โDanish pork has 25% less carbon footprint,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/tI6Ne.ย
- 35Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh.
- 36โAarhus Universitet erkender at have tilbageholdt dokumenter,โย Jyllands-Posten, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/RdAe0.ย
- 37Lasse Skou Andersen, Lise Richter, and Martin Bahn. โEfter oksekรธdsrapport: Landbrug & Fรธdevarer erkender โgraverende fejlโ i andre sager,โย Informatรญon, September 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3QeHR.ย
- 38Jais Valeur. โDanish Crown: Kรธdfrie dage hรธrer til pรฅ de lette lรธsningers holdeplads,โย Altinget,ย November 10, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Bolqu.ย
- 39Stefan Wirseniusย et al. โComparing the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of dairy and pork systems across countries using land-use carbon opportunity costs,โย World Resources Institute, May 2020.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/guEDO.ย
- 40โLand use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF),โย European Union Emissions Trading Scheme, July 24, 2015.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/cTHgE.ย
- 41Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail.
- 42โCSR report 2016/17,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EKPu1.
- 43Marie Sรฆhl, Jeppe Kyhne Knudsen, and Klaus Schjerning Andersen. โDanish Crowns reklamer for klimasvin fรฅr grรธnne tรฆsk: โDet ligner vildledning!โ,โย DR, September 23, 2020.ย Archive July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dWHPc.ย
- 44โClimate-controlled pork from our Danish farmers,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/b6en7.ย
- 45Frances Schwartzkopff. โFirst Danish Climate Lawsuit Targets EUโs Biggest Pork Producer,โย Bloomberg, June 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย http://archive.today/P0EdL.
- 46โLetโs Meat 2030 Together,โย Danish Crown, September 19, 2018. Archived June 14, 2021.ย
- 47Jais Valeur. โMeat 2030: Action for a sustainable future,โย Danish Crown. Archived June 14, 2021.
- 48Jais Valeur. โMEAT2030: Ideer til mere bรฆredygtigt kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 20, 2018.ย Archive July, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gv4y3.ย
- 49Marco Springmannย et al.ย โOptions for keeping the food system within environmental limits,โย Nature, October 10, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hiTaq.ย
- 50โNy rapport om klimabelastning savner nuancer,โย Danish Crown, February 2, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/bxXDK.ย
- 51โGrazing,โย Centre for Biological Diversity.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/n59Hj.ย
- 52Alessandro Filazzolaย et al.ย โThe effects of livestock grazing on biodiversity are multi-trophic: a meta-analysis,โย Ecology Letters, February 6, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021.
- 53โWe are creating a sustainable future for food,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3yz0T.
- 54โDanish Crown tilslutter sig Dansk Alliance for Ansvarlig Soja,โย Danish Crown, September 26, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/nU4qA.ย
- 55โStort fokus pรฅ bรฆredygtig soja,โย Danish Crown, February 7, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/b84eB.ย
- 56Jane Byrne. โDanish Crown moves to ensure its soy value chain is deforestation-free as report calls out the company on its soy sustainability policies,โย Feed Navigator, May 4, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rCJ8h.ย
- 57โResponsible soy,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/z6v1s.ย
- 58Tom Levitt. โHow can we stop using soya linked to deforestation?,โย The Guardian, November 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aasxK.ย
- 59โSรฅdan kan du lรฆgge pres pรฅ Danish Crown,โย Greenpeace, March, 4, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/28M39.ย
- 60โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
- 61Hannah Ritchie. โYou want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local,โย Our World in Data, January 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/jK4Se.ย
- 62Jais Valeur. โMEAT2030: Ideer til mere bรฆredygtigt kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 20, 2018.ย Archive July, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gv4y3.ย
- 63Kiki Qvistgaard. โDanish Crown: Fremtiden er bรฆredygtig โ ogsรฅ for kรธd,โย Altinget, September 18, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/C0IQC.ย
- 64โWe are creating a sustainable future for food,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3yz0T.
- 65Marco Springmannย et al.ย โOptions for keeping the food system within environmental limits,โย Nature, October 10, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hiTaq.ย
- 66Jais Valeur. โVi vil skabe en bรฆredygtig fremtid for kรธd,โย Danish Crown, September 18, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/PDnjt.
- 67โJais Valeur talte om bรฆredygtighed pรฅ international forskningskonference,โย Danish Crown, February 27, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/hPjTk.ย
- 68โPlant-based diets,โย British Nutrition Foundation.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/Ws13f.ย
- 69Winston Craig and Ann Reed Mangels. โPosition of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets,โย National Centre for Biotechnology Information, July 2009.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/yU1Fh.ย
- 70โDanish Crown: Spis mindre, men bedre dansk kรธd,โย Danish Crown,ย January 7, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/aIl0r.ย
- 71โWe are following the Climate Track,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:https://archive.ph/jGxTL.ย
- 72โEmissions impossible: How big meat and dairy are heating up the planet,โย GRAIN and the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, July 18, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/xY4Y7.ย
- 73โLandmand inviterer til et kig pรฅ fremtidens bรฆredygtige slagtekalv,โย Danish Crown, November 5, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/2Ycfz.ย
- 74โDFDS Aims to Bring Environmental Footprint to Climate Neutral,โย Railly News, February 27, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/gX0gz.ย
- 75Sladjana Djunisic. โCIP joins Dansh shipping, agri-sector on offshore wind-to-ammonia project,โย Renewables Now, February 23, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/HDZGC.ย
- 76โDanish Crown introducerer ny klimavenlig emballage til foodservice,โย Danish Crown, November 26, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/VvjTZ.ย
- 77Hannah Ritchie. โYou want to reduce the carbon footprint of your food? Focus on what you eat, not whether your food is local,โย Our World in Data, January 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/jK4Se.ย
- 78โOur abattoirs are very energy-efficient and make optimum use of the pig,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/p1sPm.ย
- 79Gosia Wozniacka. โAre Dairy Digesters the Renewable Energy Answer or a โFalse Solutionโ to Climate Change?,โย Civil Eats, April 24, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/q37P3.ย
- 80Viveca Morris. โWhy meat and dairy corporations are the Achillesโ heel of Bidenโs climate plan,โย LA Times, May 16, 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/SMMgN.ย
- 81โJais Valeur bliver formand for klimapartnerskab med regeringen,โย Danish Crown, November 7, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/lwke8.ย
- 82โKlimapartnerskaber,โย Erhvervsministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/znEsv.ย
- 83โSvineavlere gรฅr imod Danish Crowns klimaindsats,โย Food Supply, November 28, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/BsYtT.ย
- 84โKlimapartnerskabet for Fรธdevare- og Landbrugssektoren,โย Klima-, Energi- og Forsyningsministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/ghfIz.ย
- 85Jais Valeur. โKlimapartnerskabet for Fรธdevare- og Landbrugssektoren,โย LinkedIn, March 16, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/vbeWD.ย
- 86Alexandra OโSullivan Freltoft. โKlimaaktivist: Jeg tror ikke lรฆngere, at alle landmรฆnd er bagstrรฆberiske bรธnder,โย Information, June 13, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021.
- 87Sini Erรคjรครค. โMarketing Meat: How EU promotional funds favour meat and dairy,โย Greenpeace, April 2021.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/2PmT5.ย
- 88โHomepage,โย Svineafgiftsfonden.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EeHvq.ย
- 89โCSR report 2017/18,โย Danish Crown. Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:
- 90โProducts Environmental Footprint,โย Miljรธ- og Fรธdevareministeriet.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.pg URL:ย https://archive.ph/zR2IP.
- 91Frederik Siiger Hansen and Torben Worsรธe. โS-formand: Debat om kรธd er hysterisk,โย Landbrugs Avisen, November 22, 2018.ย Archived July 13, 2021.ย
- 92โBjarke Kamstrup,โย LinkedIn.ย Archived July 13, 2021.
- 93โJais Valeur bliver formand for klimapartnerskab med regeringen,โย Danish Crown, November 7, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/lwke8.ย
- 94โ13 climate partnerships will support the Danish government in reaching the green targets,โย State of Green, November 13, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/MuHbG.ย
- 95โLetโs Meat 2030 Together,โย Danish Crown, September 19, 2018. Archived June 14, 2021.ย
- 96Jais Valeur. โMeat 2030: Action for a sustainable future,โย Danish Crown. Archived June 14, 2021.
- 97โBestyrelsen,โย Dansk Protein Innovation.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/kXHWU.ย
- 98Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail.
- 99โCSR report 2016/17,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/EKPu1.
- 100Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh.
- 101โAarhus Universitet erkender at have tilbageholdt dokumenter,โย Jyllands-Posten, December 1, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/RdAe0.ย
- 102Lasse Skou Andersen, Lise Richter, and Martin Bahn. โEfter oksekรธdsrapport: Landbrug & Fรธdevarer erkender โgraverende fejlโ i andre sager,โย Informatรญon, September 21, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/3QeHR.ย
- 103โKammeradvokaten: Danish Crown skulle have stรฅet som medforfatter pรฅ oksekรธdsrapporten,โย Danish Crown, October 1, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/nVrIg.ย
- 104โSustainability report 2018-2019,โย Danish Crown.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/M5NMx.ย
- 105โIntern undersรธgelse pรฅ Aarhus Universitet finder fejl og mangler i 34 ud af 55 rapporter,โย Information, November 5 2019.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/eWV0U.ย
- 106Henriette Stevnhรธj. โKรธdsagen โ fรฅ overblikket her,โย Aarhus Universitet, November 15, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/dIVCh.
- 107โOksekรธdsrapport var ikke alene: Aarhus Universitet finder mangler i flere rapporter,โย DR, November 4, 2019.ย Archived July 13 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/DF5dc.ย
- 108โAnnual Report 2019,โย Aarhus Universitet, April 1, 2019.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/0CDss.ย
- 109Anette Eckholt. โFremtidens grรธnne grise,โย JA Aktuelt, January 15, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/rWail.
- 110Renรฉ Lametsch. โUCPH FOODโs research in meat,โย University of Copenhagen.ย Archived July 2013, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/5eund.ย
- 111โTransforming global food systems under climate change: Achieving zero emissions,โย University of Copenhagen, February 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/II8ZW.ย
- 112Jane Byrne. โTrial: Locally produced grass protein in organic pig diets does not compromise quality, productivity or taste,โย Feed Navigator, February 25, 2020.ย Archived July 13, 2021. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/qecoI.