Oil giant BP is promoting its brand to thousands of schoolchildren in almost 100 schools in Aberdeenshire, an area in which it recently slashed a fifth of itsย workforce.
Documents obtained by DeSmog UK through freedom of information requests show BP sponsoring a tutoring scheme and cooperating with the local council and universities to place its branding inย schools.
DeSmog UKโs investigationย shows:
- BPโs branding has been present in primary and secondary schools in Aberdeenshire, with students aged five to 16 yearsย old.
- Some participating schools and tutors are unconvinced of the schemeโsย benefits.
- BP pays only ยฃ2,000 a year to getย its branding in front of thousands of students, despite posting profits of almost $3 billion inย 2016.
- BP is closely involved in the design and implementation of the scheme as a member of the controlling steeringย committee.
- BP retained control over some of the schemeโs output, and sought to use the resources of publicly funded co-sponsors to promote the companyโsย involvement.
BP inย Aberdeen
BP has a long-standing presence in Aberdeen. Its website proudly states that:
โAberdeen, the energy capital of Europe, is the headquarters for BPโs North Sea upstream business, covering offshore operations, terminals and pipelines in the UK and Norway. We are a major employer in the North Sea Region and are proud of the work our people do to constantly push newย frontiers.โ
Last year BP announced it was cutting 600 jobs in the region โ the equivalent of a fifth of its North Sea workforce. The cuts are part of 4,000 redundancies BP expects to make in the wake of falling oil prices and rising explorationย costs.
In January 2017, BP sold large parts of two of its North Sea projects to independent oil producerย Enquest. The Unite union expressed concern that the sale could lead to further job cuts.
It is not only BP that is gradually abandoning the North Sea. Shell also sold $4.7 billion of assets in the region in earlyย 2017.
This is a trend likely to continue as the North Seaโs oil fields start to dryย up.
Industry body Oil and Gas UK estimates 153 projects are due to be decommissioned over the coming years. Consultancy Wood Mackenzie expects North Sea companies will spend ยฃ53 billion from 2017 decommissioning oil and gasย infrastructure.
The Scottish government has a ยฃ12 million transition training fund and a ยฃ5 million fund to retool ports and harbours for decommissioningย projects.
But the burden to ensure a just transition away from the industry is largely falling on taxpayers and not the companies that have historically profited from the region, according to oil industry watchdogย Platform.
As the industry winds down, companies are looking for ways to ensure they retain a social license to operate until the very end ofย oil.
BP Studentย Tutors
For BP, this includes sponsoring the long-standing BP student tutoring scheme.
According to its website, the scheme aims โto provide positive role models for school pupils and to raise their aspirations and motivation towards continuing in education beyond their compulsoryย schoolingโ.
The scheme places students from the schemeโs co-sponsors the University of Aberdeen, Robert Gordon University, and North East Scotland College intoย classrooms.
The tutors help in all aspects of classroom life including science experiments, research projects and college applications, according to promotional materials sent to theย schools.
There is even a heavily-branded promotional video to encourage people to apply for theย scheme.
At one point in the video, a former tutor sings BPโs praises, saying, โthe most enjoyable aspect was that at last we get to go into BP. The company was really interesting. We did a lot of different activities regarding oil andย gasโ.
The video claims that around 100 tutors are placed in schools eachย year.
According to data seen by DeSmog UK, tutors participating in the BP-branded scheme have been placed in 92 different schools since 2008. Of these, 75 of the placements were in primary schools, with children aged between five and 11 yearsย old.
Schools and councils can no doubt benefit from additional resources, particularly as education budgets are cut.ย ย
But with participants so young, BP and its co-sponsors must take extra care to ensure the presence of any branding is appropriate. That is why the โrules surrounding children are deliberately strictโ, according to the Advertising Standards Agency (ASA).
The ASAโs advertising code says children are โgenerally more credulous and lack the experience of adults to engage, critically assess and cope with commercial images and messages.โ As such, โcare should be taken when featuring or addressing children in marketingย communicationsโ.
The sensitivities around such branding are heightened in a community where BP has such a significant commercialย stake.
BP posted profits of $2.59 billion in 2016, and receives its share of a ยฃ750 million government subsidy for North Sea exploration eachย year.
Despite this, minutes of meetings of the schemeโs steering committee obtained by DeSmog UK showย BP pays a paltry ยฃ2,000 each year to sponsor the tutoringย scheme.
Please note: Text has been highlighted by DeSmog UK forย emphasis.
BP Branding inย Schools
BP gets a lot of bang for its buck. BPโs branding appears on a wide-range of items given to allย schools.
For instance, all BP tutors wear branded identity badges while in theย schools.
When discussing the need for identity badges, BP said it was โhappyโ to pay for the โBP endorsed student lanyards,โ meeting minutesย show.
A BP-branded handbook was also sent to schools, encouraging their participation in theย scheme.
The participating schools had a competition to design the cover of the handbook, judged by BP representative Paulย Wilson.
The 15-page document promotes the virtues of having a BP-branded tutor within the school; from being an additional pair of hands for teachers, to providing a positive role model forย schoolchildren.
Nowhere does it mention the benefits to BP.
When tutors complete the scheme, they are presented with a BP-branded certificate. This is handed over at an annual awards ceremony at BPโs Aberdeenย headquarters.
A BP communications officer makes a presentation at the event, with the awards handed out in front of BP-brandedย slides.
Aberdeenshire Council told DeSmog UK that it โdoes not encourage corporate branding of the scheme in schools. No branded materials are prepared for pupils, although participating schools receive a certificate featuring all the partner logos following the successful conclusion of aย placement.
โThe only branded materials are those for the tutors themselves, and relate to identity badges and lanyards for thoseย badges.โ
Itโs not clear which โ if any โ public body is responsible for overseeing this kind of commercial activity inย schools.
The Incorporated Society of British Advertisersโ (ISBA) produced a guidance on best practice for commercial activities in schools with the Department for Education around a decade ago. It says โthe level of branding should be appropriate to theย activityโ.
The Department for Education did not provide DeSmog UK with any updated version of this document when requested, and did not confirm whether such a documentย existed.
ISBAโs director of public affairs, Ian Twinn, told DeSmog UK: โOne of the principles of our guidance is that strong branding in schools is really not appropriate. But discreet brandingย is.โ
โThe only purpose of school is for the benefit of the children so brands really do have to ask themselves what are they doingย there?
โAre the benefits to the children and to the school greater than any possible benefits to them? The strong advice [of the best practice guidance] was if thatโs not the case, should you really be there? And the answer is probably not. And the questions to schools is exactly the same. Why are you doing this? Is itย necessary?โ
Aberdeenshire Council told DeSmog UK โall necessary checks were conductedโ, but could not confirm if any participants had completed ISBAโs best practice checklist provided for all schools andย companies.
BP did not confirm whether it had completed the checklist, despite repeatedย requests.
One of the reasons BP may consider its branding necessary in this instance is that it is trying to present a positive image of the companyย in a community in which it has a significantย stake.
โKids are really susceptible to logos and that sort of thingโ, Savannah Law School professor Judd Sneirson, who specialises in โgreenwashโ and corporate social responsibility programmes, told Desmog UK. Brands place their logos in front of people in the hope that โeventually the memories of some of the bad things they do will fadeย away.โ
That doesnโt mean the schemeโs benefits are necessarily wiped out, but โideally, schools would take the money, it would be a less crass propaganda blitz for the kids, and we wouldnโt be so hoodwinked by companies’ย good deeds and be more aware of their bad deeds, tooโ, Sneirsonย said.
DeSmog UK contacted all of the schools that participated in the scheme. Only one school responded before Aberdeenshire Council asked for all enquiries to be directed through its communicationsย office.
The one school that did respond told DeSmog UK that its experience with the scheme was broadlyย โpositiveโ.
When asked whether there had been any internal discussion about allowing BP branding into the school, and whether the school had discussed the nature of BPโs activities with students, they told DeSmog UK that, โstudents are free to discuss this. Pupils are well used to different branding around theย schoolโ.
The school did not respond to a request for clarification regarding what other brands students were exposedย to.
No Need for BP
Feedback from the scheme, seen by DeSmog UK, shows BP gets the opportunity to promote its brand in this way, despite participating schools not always being convinced of the need for theย scheme.
The steering committee received feedback that many secondary schools were not willing to participate in the scheme as, โCity schools are inundated with student teachers and other helpers therefore could not supportย tutorsโ.
In feedback provided by participating tutors seen by DeSmog UK, some said schools โdid not know why they were there and what to do withย themโ.
This lack of enthusiasm is supported by data seen by DeSmog UK.
Of the 78 primary schools that participated in the scheme, only 45 participated in the scheme more than once. Only six of the 17 participating secondary schools hosted a tutor a maximum of three times over the 10 years for which the data wasย provided.
The same feedback shows that tutors felt they did not have a proper induction, were being left alone in class, and needed to discipline pupils, despite having no formal teacherย training.
BPโs Guidingย Hand
BP doesnโt just get its branding in the schools in exchange for its sponsorship, it also gets to have a say in how the scheme is run and the opportunity to direct co-sponsorsโ resources as a member of the steeringย committee.
DeSmog UK has obtained minutes of the steering committeeโs meetings from January 2009 until Novemberย 2016.
The minutes show that a BP representative, Maggie Eggeling, pushed for the scheme to be promoted to potential tutors with expertise in science and engineering โdue to funding from BPโ.
BP also secured the right to monitor the content of a student-designed website and video diary for the scheme, alongside the schemeโsย co-sponsors.
In one meeting, BP representative Paul Wilson asked the schemeโs co-sponsors to help promote the annual awards ceremony โdue to the overall success of the scheme and the collaboration involvedโ. Representatives of the council, Robert Gordon University, the University of Aberdeen, and North East Scotland College all agreed to notify their press offices on BPโsย behalf.
The minutes also show there were cases where the schemeโs co-sponsors were eager to harness BPโs profile to promote their participation in theย scheme.
A representative from Robert Gordon University, ranked 64th out of all UK universities and ninth in Scotland by the Complete University Guide, asked if BP could press release the scheme as it was an โexcellent example of collaborativeย workingโ.
The minutes make clear that the scheme is used as a promotional tool for BP, with the co-sponsors keen to borrow the otherโs brands at convenientย moments.
Robert Gordon University, the University of Aberdeen and North East Scotland College all told DeSmog UK that they participate in the scheme as it โactively encourages its students to engage productively with employers and the widerย communityโ.
They do โnot have concerns regarding BPโs wider business operationsโ, theyย said.
Aberdeenshire Council said BPโs participation in the steering group โis important for the ongoing development and improvement of theย schemeโ.
BP Not Paying itsย Way
There have been some other problems with theย scheme.
Meeting minutes reveal that in 2015, the schemeโs administrator, Gayle Scott, had to step down from her coordination role due to overspending on activities and promotion inย 2014-15.
Scott stepped back into this role, apparently in a voluntary capacity, in early 2016 โ effectively working for BP forย free.
In the final meeting minutes seen by DeSmog UK, the treasurer claimed that when the scheme received BPโs next annual payment, there could be enough to re-employ theย co-ordinator.
None of the scheme’s co-sponsors would confirm whether the issue had now beenย resolved.
Minutes also reveal that BP failed to send a representative to any of the steering committee meetings in 2016, leaving the other institutions to carry on the work of coordinating the scheme on theirย behalf.
A spokesperson for BP told DeSmog UK that through the scheme, it has โdeveloped a positive association with the councils and higher and further education institutionsย involvedโ.
They said the feedback BP received from Steering Group colleagues, teachers at participating schools and the students involved is โveryย positiveโ.
โThey tell us the scheme helps students gain confidence and enhance their employability skills in communication, presentation and time management; useful for any future career. Student tutors act as positive role models, helping to increase pupilsโ aspirations and motivation to stay on in education andย trainingโ.
Aberdeenshire Council said it โintends to continue with the tutor scheme and has no particular concerns about its operation, given its input into the steering groupโ.ย ย
While the scheme may have admirable aims, DeSmog UKโs investigation shows that through the tutoring scheme, BP is spending a miniscule amount of money to place its branding in front of schoolchildren and use the resources of publically-funded institutions to purchase a social license to squeeze every last drop of oil out of the Northย Sea.
BP gets this access without due scrutiny of the companyโs wider responsibility to invest in the future of communities that have depended on the industry for decades, and will be hit hardest as firms increasingly abandon theย region.
DeSmog UK has uploaded all of the documents it obtained for others to search and use in this Document Cloud library.
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