While the debate over theย TransCanadaย Keystone XLย tar sandsย pipeline has raged on for over half a decade, pipeline giant Enbridge has quietly cloned its own Keystone XLย in the U.S andย Canada.ย
It comes in the form of the combination of Enbridge’sย Alberta Clipperย (Line 67),ย Flanagan Southย andย Seaway Twinย pipelines.
The pipeline system does whatย Keystone XL and the Keystone Pipeline Systemย at large is designed to do: ship hundreds of thousands of barrels per day of Alberta’s tar sandsย diluted bitumenย (โdilbitโ) to both Gulf Coast refineries in Port Arthur, Texas, and theย global export market.
Alberta Clipper and Line 67ย expansion
Alberta Clipper was approved by President Barack Obama and the U.S. State Department (legally required because it is a border-crossing pipeline like Keystone XL) in August 2009 during congressional recess. Clipper runs from Alberta to Superior, Wis.
Map Credit:ย U.S. Department ofย State
Initially slated to carryย 450,000 barrels per day of dilbit to market, Enbridge now seeks an expansion permit from the State Department to carry up to 570,000 barrels per day, with a designed capacity of 800,000 barrels per day. It has dubbed the expansion Line 67.
As reported on previously by DeSmogBlog, Line 67 is the key connecter pipeline to Line 6A, which feeds into the BP Whiting refinery located near Chicago, Ill., in Whiting, Ind.ย BP Whiting โ the largest in-land refinery in the U.S.ย โย was recently retooled to refine larger amounts of tar sands under the Whiting Refinery Modernization Project.
Line 67 also connects to Line 61 via a fork in the road of sorts in Wisconsin. From there, it heads to Flanagan, Ill., the namesake of the start of Enbridge’s Flanagan South pipeline.
Enbridge Line 6A; Map Credit:ย Enbridge
Like Keystone XL, Enbridge’s Line 67 expansion project has faced unexpected delays in its State Department and Obama Administration reviewย process.
Enbridgeย scheduled Line 67 to go on-line in mid-2014 and reach full-capacity by mid-2015.
But,ย because of backlash against the proposal from environmentalists and citizens who live along the pipeline expansion’s route,ย the company does not expect to receive a State Department expansion permit until mid-2015.
Flanagan Southย Pipeline
The 600-mile long, 600,000 barrel-per-day Flanagan South is slated to run from Flanagan, south to Cushing, Okla., the โpipeline crossroads of theย world.โ
Map Credit: Enbridge
Flanagan South also shares a key legal commonality with TransCanada’s Keystone pipelineย system.
That is, like Phase II and Phase III of that system โ best known to the general public as Keystone XL‘s southern legย and to TransCanada as the Gulf Coast Pipeline Projectย โ it was permitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers using the controversial Nationwide Permit 12 (NWP 12) process.ย
As documented here on DeSmogBlog, the southern leg of Keystone XL and Flanagan Southย both played a central role in separate but related precedent-setting federal-level courtย cases.
In reviewing the legality of approval via NWP 12 through the lens of โharms,โ the courts ruled in both cases that the harms of losing corporate profits for both Enbridge and TransCanada trump the potential harms of ecological damage the pipelines could cause in the future. Climate change went undiscussed in bothย rulings.
According to a May 2014 company newsletter, Enbridge is โon schedule to put [Flanagan South] in operation later thisย year.โ
โAfter eight months of construction, we are now in the home stretch for the nearly 600-mile pipeline project,โ touts the newsletter. โAt the peak of construction, between October 2013 and January 2014, there were on average 3,650 construction workers over the entire route โ about 1,600 of those workers from communities located along the pipelineย route.โ
Seawayย Pipelineย
In aย June 16 article titled, โBlame Canada,โ Reuters pointed to two new โpipes set to hit U.S. Gulf with heavy crude,โ which โ as it pertains to Canadaย โย is industry vernacular for tarย sands.
Flanagan South was one of the pipelines pointed to in the Reutersย piece.
The other is Enbridge’s Seaway Twin pipeline, co-owned on a 50/50 joint venture basis with Enterprise Products Partners. Seaway Twin, like Keystone XL‘s southern leg, runs from Cushing, Okla., to Port Arthur, Texas.
Map Credit: Enbridge & Enterprise Productsย Partners
As the Reuters article explains, Seaway and Flanagan South are in essence the same pipeline in terms of theirย interconnectedness.
โTraders say the Seaway Twin has almost enough committed shippers to run at full rates, although it won’t likely run full in the near term until there is increased capacity to bring Canadian crude to the Midwest,โ says the article. โThat will change in the third quarter, however, whenโฆFlanagan South will connect the company’s main Canadian export pipeline toย Cushing.โ
Port Arthur, Texas; Photo Credit: Wikimediaย Commons
From Port Arthur, the dilbit could be refined or shipped to the global market, though Enbridge told Reuters โvirtuallyโ all of it is for U.S. domesticย use.
โTexas Bound and Flyin’โ and Off toย Europe?
On May 5, DeSmogBlog reported that with Keystone XL South opening up for business, dilbit from Cushing, Okla., is โTexas Bound and Flyin’โ to the Gulf coast, to borrow the namesake of the song by country singerย Jerry Reed.ย
When Seaway and Flanagan South open for business in the second half of 2014 and with the non-expansion portion of Alberta Clipper already operational, these trend lines will likely continue in the months and yearsย ahead.ย
And European countriesย may soon import tar sandsย at much higher levels from Texas, asย well.
In April, Enbridge became theย first company to declare publicly that it had obtained a license to re-export dilbit from the United Statesย to the global market.
About two months later on June 5, Reuters reported that the European Union (EU) got rid of the legal requirement to label tar sands as dirtier than other forms of oil. The EU decision came in the aftermath of โyears of lobbying from top producer Canada.โ
Then just a day later on June 6, The Guardian reportedย 570,000 barrels of dilbit had reached the shores of Spain, the first shipment to reachย Europe.
โWhile all eyes are on Keystone XL‘s northern leg, Enbridge has sneakily ramrodded in a massive tar sands pipeline system. Like the Keystone Pipeline System, Enbridge’s network moves one of the dirtiest form of energy in the world through sensitive U.S. ecosystems and farmland to the Gulf Coast for export,โ Debra Michaud, co-founder of Tar Sands Free Midwest, toldย DeSmogBlog.
โThe environmental movement needs to focus on the entirety of this massive networkย expansion.โ
Photo Credit:ย Nomad_Soul | Shutterstock
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